Impact of Population Growth

Ehrlich, Paul R.; Holdren, John P.

doi:10.1097/00006254-197111000-00014

Cited by 209 publications

(203 citation statements)

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“…Referring to the well-known IPAT equation (Ehrlich and Holdren 1971 ), which decomposes environmental impact (I) into the separate effects of population size (P), affl uence (A) and technology (T), LCAs so far have focused on the pollution per functional unit of product or service. This basically is no more than a 'supermicro' analysis of T. If the total consumption of products and services (increasing affl uence) and the size of the population keep increasing meanwhile, we may not achieve any improvement in (macro) global sustainability despite signifi cant progresses in (micro) sustainability of (a number of) individual products and services.…”

Section: Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment: What Is It and What Are Its Challenges?

Guinée

2016

Taking Stock of Industrial Ecology

119

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Environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) has developed fast over the last three decades. Today, LCA is widely applied and used as a tool for supporting policies and performance-based regulation, notably concerning bioenergy. Over the past decade, LCA has broadened to also include life cycle costing (LCC) and social LCA (SLCA), drawing on the three-pillar or 'triple bottom line' model of sustainability. With these developments, LCA has broadened from merely environmental assessment to a more comprehensive life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA). LCSA has received increasing attention over the past years, while at the same time, its meaning and contents are not always suffi ciently clear. In this chapter, we therefore addressed the question: what are LCSA practitioners actually doing in practice? We distinguished two sub-questions: which defi nition(s) do they adopt and what challenges do they face? To answer these questions, LCSA research published over the past half decade has been analysed, supplemented by a brief questionnaire to researchers and practitioners. This analysis revealed two main defi nitions of LCSA. Based on these two defi nitions, we distinguished three dimensions along which LCSA is expanding when compared to environmental LCA: (1) broadening of impacts, LCSA = LCA + LCC + SLCA; (2) broadening level of analysis, product-, sector-and economy-wide questions and analyses; and (3) deepening, including other than just technological relations, such as physical, economic and behavioural relations. From this analysis, it is clear that the vast majority of LCSA research so far has focused on the 'broadening of impacts' dimension. The challenges most frequently cited concern the need for more practical examples of LCSA, effi cient ways of communicating LCSA results and the need for more data and methods particularly for SLCA indicators and comprehensive uncertainty assessment. We conclude that the three most crucial challenges to be addressed fi rst are developing quantitative and practical indicators for SLCA, life cycle-based approaches to evaluate scenarios for sustainable futures and practical ways to deal with uncertainties and rebound effects.

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Section: Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment: What Is It and What Are Its Challenges?

Guinée

2016

Taking Stock of Industrial Ecology

119

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“…Of course, the movement of ship breaking to the periphery (and the movement of other hazards from the core to the periphery, see Bonds and Dov\Tlley [2012]) can be framed as a manifestation of ecological modernization processes. Ehrlich and Holdren (1971) developed the term the "Netherlands Fallacy" to refer to the fallacy of thinking that the environmental impacts of rich countries are contained within their national boundaries. And it is this fallacy that is entrenched in the ecological modernization narrative.…”

Section: Journal Of World-systems Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking Ships in the World-System: An Analysis of Two Ship Breaking Capitals, Alang-Sosiya, India and Chittagong, Bangladesh

Frey

2015

JWSR

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“…These assumptions have been reinforced and perpetuated by widely cited works (Ehrlich and Holdren, 1971;Myers, 1984;Allen and Barnes, 1985;Harrison, 1992), even though the theoretical and empirical underpinnings of the relationships between population, access and environmental resources have been contested over the same period (Harvey, 1976;Brown andPearce, 1994 and. Recent studies continue to affirm that population pressure is one of the universal underlying causes of pan-tropical deforestation (Palo and Lehto, 1996) or that population growth is the most important explanatory variable (Lambin, 1997).…”

Section: Moving Beyond Deforestation Mythsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Territory and Scarcity: Exploring Conflicts over Natural Resource Management

Binningsbø¹

2006

Journal of Peace Research

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Impact of Population Growth

Cited by 209 publications

References 0 publications

Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment: What Is It and What Are Its Challenges?

Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment: What Is It and What Are Its Challenges?

Breaking Ships in the World-System: An Analysis of Two Ship Breaking Capitals, Alang-Sosiya, India and Chittagong, Bangladesh

Beyond Territory and Scarcity: Exploring Conflicts over Natural Resource Management

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