Impact of Pharmacist Intervention on Improving the Quality of Life of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

AIM: To analyse the characteristics, and analyse the impact of pharmacist intervention on quality of life (QOL) outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
 METHODS: This six-month analytical cohort study was conducted by assessing the patients’ characteristics and their quality of life by distributing a questionnaire, and the 36-Item short form instrument to the patients with T2DM (n = 45) admitted to the Tertiary hospital in Tebing Tinggi. Patients who had mental disorders, HIV-AIDS, liver disease, stage 4 chronic kidney disease, and pregnant women were excluded from the study. The patients’ quality of life was measured before and after interventions and analysed using the paired t-test. All analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 22, Chicago, IL, USA) (p < 0.05 was considered significant).
 RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 61.96 ± 6.45 (years). Most (66.7%) of them were females. The mean QOL (in the score) of the patients: before the intervention, 61.07 ± 15.13; after the intervention, 70.15 ± 14.23, there was a significant difference between groups with and without interventions, p < 0.001.
 CONCLUSION: Active contribution of pharmacists in the management of T2DM patients is urgent and important to improve the patients’ QOL.

Impact of clinical pharmacy interventions on health and economic outcomes in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Nineteen studies ( 23,26‐28,31‐33,41,42,44,46‐50 , S2–S4, S10) examined the effectiveness of clinical pharmacy interventions on HRQoL. Clinical pharmacy interventions significantly improved the QoL of people with type 2 diabetes compared to usual care in 13 studies ( 26‐28,31,33,41,44,46‐49 , S2, S10). In the remaining six studies ( 23,32,42,50 , S3, S4), clinical pharmacy interventions did not produce significant reduction in QoL of people compared to usual care.…”

“…The main types of clinical pharmacy interventions delivered by pharmacists were clinical (34 studies), educational (36 studies), counselling and advice (eight studies), person referral services (three studies), independent prescribing (two studies) and ordering laboratory tests (one study). A greater proportion of studies evaluating interventions that combined clinical and educational components resulted in significantly reduced ( p < 0.05) HbA 1c levels (23 out of 25 studies; 21‐24,26,27,30,31,33‐46 ), HRQoL (nine out of 13 studies; 26,27,31,33,41,44,47‐49 ) and improved cost outcomes (four out of six studies; 4,25,50 , S1) for the intervention groups compared with any other types of interventions. The effectiveness of the types of interventions is described in supporting information ( Table ).…”

Pengaruh Konseling Home care Terhadap Kualitas Hidup Penderita DM Tipe 2 Di Puskesmas Talise Kota Palu

“…Perubahan gaya hidup menimbulkan masalah kesehatan salah satu dari masalah yang timbul adalah Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 (2). Diabetes mellitus tipe-2 terjadi ketika tubuh tidak lagi dapat memproduksi insulin yang cukup untuk mengimbangi terganggunya kemampuan untuk memproduksi insulin (3,4).…”

The role of community pharmacists and their position in the delivery of diabetes care: an update for medical professionals

“…When considering patient-related outcome measures, pharmacy interventions have achieved statistically significant improvements in the quality of life for those living with type 2 diabetes, in part, by increasing diabetes knowledge and reducing concerns about diabetes medications 14 41. Although the evidence is limited, community pharmacists have also shown that they are capable of providing a breadth of foot care interventions to people with diabetes, resulting in improved foot outcomes 42…”