Impact of parathion exposure on some biochemical parameters in rabbit as a non target organism

Abstract

Background: Pesticides are widely used in order to enhance the food protection by controlling the unwanted insects and disease vectors in agriculture. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of repeated sublethal doses (0.2 mg kg À1 day À1 for two weeks) of the insecticide parathion on some biochemical parameters in rabbit. Methods: The activity of some enzymes; cholinesterase (ChE), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), carboxylesterase (CE), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was determined in the brain, liver, kidney and heart. Results: Parathion administration markedly inhibited the activity of ChE. The activities of CE, GST, ALP, AST, and ALT in all organs of treated rabbits were increased. ATPase fluctuation was recorded in its activity, whereas ACP activity showed a significant reduction in the liver and kidney. Conclusion: The results indicated that changes in body and organ weights have been used as indicators of adverse effects of parathion and also alteration in tested enzymes activity can be used as relevant biomarkers for monitoring toxicity due to parathion exposure in non target organisms.

Biochemical Changes Associated with Long Term Exposure to Pesticide among Farmers in the Gaza Strip

“…It can be hypothesized that the elevated levels of these enzymes are due to direct or indirect detoxification and/or elimination reactions in the human body. Our hypothesis is supported by Aly and El-Gendy [39] and Igwenyi et al [40] who revealed the elevated levels of AST due to detoxification reactions and formation of a defensive mechanism to antagonize the effects of pesticides. Moreover, it can be suggested that the hyperactivity of ALP, AST and/or ALP may indicate serious damage to some or all organs producing these enzymes such as the liver and kidney.…”

The Effect of 2,4 Dimethylamine salt on the Blood, Liver and Muscle of Oryclotagus Cuniculus

“…The elevated values of liver AST in this study have some trend with the reports of Inyang et al [9], Aly and El-Gendy [15], Edori [29], Inyang and Williams [30]. This elevation of enzymes in the experimental group compared to control is a clear indication of the effect of 2,4 -D on the Oryclotagus cuniculus.…”

“…Rabbits are used widely in varieties of research paradigms due to their smaller structure, docile demeanor, and second only to mice and rats, they are the next most commonly used species in research [14]. The general physiology of rabbits is similar to humans; therefore, the rabbits are used as model organisms for human diseases [15]. Xenobiotics such as 2,4-D that affect rabbits, rats, and mice could have serious effect on humans.…”

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“…According to World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 3 million pesticide poisoning incidence occurs per annum, which could lead to about 250,000 deaths (Deng and Yang, 2007). Despite this alarming figure, there is global system at present to tract and stem poisoning or diseases associated with pesticide use (Ali and Chia, 2008;Aly and El-Gendy 2014;Uchendu et al, 2012). Irrespective of the source of toxicant, it will end up in the aquatic ecosystem (Ajani and Awogbade, 2012).…”

“…Changes in body condition especially weight is a major indicator used to assess the adverse effects of drugs and chemicals (Aly and El-Gendy 2014). Again, changes in organ weight are also used to assess response to chemicals in toxicological studies (Mukinda and Eagles 2010).…”