Impact of operation strategies of large scale battery systems on distribution grid planning in Germany

Resch, Matthias; Bühler, Jochen; Klausen, Mira; Sumper, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.02.075

Cited by 67 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Therefore, control strategies that minimize those losses and maximize self-consumption are needed. Alternative strategies than a fixed feed-in limit prevent injection peaks are described in [17,18,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control algorithm for a residential photovoltaic system with storage

2017

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High penetration of photovoltaic (PV) electricity could affect the stability of the low-voltage grid due to over-voltage and transformer overloading at times of peak production. Residential battery storage can smooth out those peaks and hence contribute to grid stability. A feed-in limit allows for the easy setting of a maximum power injection cap and motivates PV owners to increase their self-consumption. A simple control strategy for a residential battery system coupled with a PV system that maximizes selfconsumption and minimizes curtailment losses due to a feed-in limit is presented. The algorithm used in this strategy does not require a forecast of insulation conditions. The performance of this algorithm is compared to a second algorithm-a control strategy based on linear optimization using a forecast. Assuming an exact forecast, this second algorithm is very close to the maximum self-consumption and minimum curtailment losses achievable and can be used to benchmark the simple strategy. The results show that the simple strategy performs as well as the second algorithm with exact forecasts and performs significantly better than the second algorithm using real forecasts. Moreover, it is shown that this result is valid for a large range of storage capacities and PV sizes. Furthermore, it is shown that with a time resolution of 15 minutes for the input data (the resolution of most PV production and load data) self-consumption is overestimated by about 3 % and curtailment losses are underestimated by the same amount. Load sensitivity simulations show that different load curve shapes do not fundamentally change the results. Finally, to assess the effect of load aggregation, the case where the strategy is applied separately to 44 households with storage is compared to the case where it is applied to a centralized storage system of the same size as the total storage of the 44 households. The reduction of the curtailment losses with the number of aggregated houses is showed.Keywords: Photovoltaic (PV), Home storage system, Battery management strategy, PV integration into the electrical grid Highlights• A control strategy for a battery system coupled with a PV system is presented.• With a feed-in limit this strategy does not need a PV production forecast.• This strategy performs as well as a strategy relying on an exact forecast.• A relatively small storage size allows peak injection reduction of 50 %.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control algorithm for a residential photovoltaic system with storage

2017

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“…Only two of the surveyed DSOs indicated that they already have installed more than 100 voltage-regulated local distribution transformers. 6 In terms of percentage, this translates into a maximum of 1e2% of all local distribution transformers in use in the respective grid areas. These two DSOs stated that for certain cases the voltage-regulated local distribution transformer is the most economical option.…”

Section: Voltage-regulated Local Distribution Transformersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They entail for example the implementation of large-scale battery systems [6,10], the control of demand-side appliances like electric vehicles [8,9], or the active power curtailment of PV systems [7,9,10]. According to the interviewed DSOs, these options are however not (yet) economically and/or technically viable.…”

Section: Mitigation Measures For Voltage Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To overcome capacity or voltage limitations, the reconfiguration, reinforcement, and expansion of grid equipment are all considered valid solutions [5,6,10]. Further proposed solutions include but are not limited to reactive power provision of PV inverters [9e11, 13], active power curtailment of PV inverters [7,9e11], implementation of large-scale battery systems [6,10], implementation of voltage regulated distribution transformers 2 [7,9,10], implementation of booster transformers [10], control of demand-side appliances such as electric vehicles [8,9], advanced voltage control at the high/medium voltage substation (wide-area control) [5,10], and advanced grid monitoring [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The German experience with integrating photovoltaic systems into the low-voltage grids

et al. 2018

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a b s t r a c tThe integration of rooftop photovoltaic systems in the low-voltage distribution grids has become a major international trend, helped by the sinking prices for photovoltaics. One of the key questions revolves around the technical challenges brought about by the grid integration of these decentralized systems. This paper therefore analyzes the substantial practical experiences of ten representative German distribution system operators, who play a leading role in this field. Our findings show that grid expansion measures are primarily undertaken to ensure compliance with the permissible limits for voltage and current. Grid optimization measures represent the most economical initial step and include, for instance, changes in grid structure and wide-area control. Once their potential is maximized, classic grid expansion measures such as laying parallel cables are implemented. In individual cases, the low-voltage grid is reinforced by so-called intelligent operating equipment such as voltage regulators or voltage-regulated local distribution transformers. Moreover, improved grid planning measures lead to a better use of the available low-voltage grid capacity. The practical solutions successfully implemented by German distribution system operators should also prove relevant for other countries that are currently planning the deployment of decentralized renewable energies.

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“…The success of future grids requires political and regulatory support and the reconstruction of energy generation, market and usage. The German energy storage market is analyzed and the operation strategies of the two most profitable applications, self-consumption maximization and primary frequency control are described by Rescha et al (2017). Haidar et al (2015) review SG system in some states in Australia, and offer some examples on SG at distribution level dealing with interconnection of distributed generation and active distribution management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation Analysis of Impact of Smart Grid and Renewable Energy on GHG Emission

Zhu¹,

Lu²,

Li³

et al. 2017

JSD

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China once again promises to manage energy consumption and peak CO 2 emission around 2030 in Paris Agreement in 2016 that expresses her ambition of mitigating emission. Using renewable energy to optimize energy structure is recognized as effective countermeasure to reduce GHG emission. Additionally, it is inevitable that improving energy efficiency is still core issue in energy usage. Smart Grid (SG) and renewable energy are collectively introduced in this research. Power supply and demand model is constructed to analyze the effect of SG and renewable energy on energy usage. Input-Output (I-O) simulation model is applied to make dynamic analysis based on extended I-O framework. Comprehensive model is constructed to evaluate the impact of SG and renewable energy on economic growth, energy usage and environmental improvement under different emission limitation. The proper policies covering carbon tax and subsidy are proposed to mitigate GHG emission, improve energy usage and optimize economic structure. Trade-off among economic growth, energy conversation and environmental improvement is realized in the study area.

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Impact of operation strategies of large scale battery systems on distribution grid planning in Germany

Cited by 67 publications

References 102 publications

Control algorithm for a residential photovoltaic system with storage

Control algorithm for a residential photovoltaic system with storage

The German experience with integrating photovoltaic systems into the low-voltage grids

Simulation Analysis of Impact of Smart Grid and Renewable Energy on GHG Emission

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