Impact of obesity on incident hypertension independent of weight gain among nonhypertensive Japanese

Tsujimoto, Takehiko; Sairenchi, Toshimi; Iso, Hiroyasu; Irie, Fujiko; Yamagishi, Kazumasa; Tanaka, Kiyoji; Muto, Takashi; Ota, Hitoshi

doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e328352b879

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Most participants with prehypertension displayed at least two additional cardiovascular risk factors and had indices of obesity that were intermediate between subjects with normal blood pressure and those with definite hypertension. The association of prehypertension or hypertension and overweight/obesity concurs with the literature [20]- [26] and is known to major the risk of atherosclerosis [27] [28]. Overweight/obesity is characterized by sympathetic overload responsible for elevated systemic vascular resistance [29] [30] and expanded extracellular volume through which cardiac output and blood pressure can be increased [31] [32].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Prehypertension, Hypertension and Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Adult Congolese Urban Dwellers: Results of the Vitaraa Study

Bayauli¹,

M’Buyamba-Kayamba²,

Lemogoum³

et al. 2014

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Objective: To assess the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension, their determinants and associated cardiovascular risk factors in Congolese urban dwellers. Methods: From July 2007 to March 2008, we collected information on lifestyle habits, medical history and anthropometric data in 1292 household members of Adoula Quarter, Kinshasa, aged 20 years or more, 731 women (56.6%). We obtained measurements of BP, blood glucose, serum lipids and qualitative proteinuria. We defined blood pressure categories according to JNC7 classification and used logistic regression analyses to assess their independent determinants. We obtained age adjustment of continuous and categorical variables using GLM and Genmod procedures, respectively. Results: Prehypertension was observed in 30.3% of subjects, 34.9% of men and 26.7% of women (P = 0.0045). The prevalence of hypertension amounted to 30.9% with no difference between genders. Participants with prehypertension had average age, BMI and waist circumference intermediate between those with normal BP and hypertensive subjects. Their glucose and lipids levels were * Corresponding author. M. P. Bayauli et al. 391similar to those of normotensives. The prevalence of prehypertension amounted to 33% at age 20 -29 years and decreased to 16.7% at ≥60 years whereas the prevalence of hypertension increased from 11.2% to 71.4%. The rates of diabetes mellitus were similar accross blood pressure catogories whilst prevalences of overweight/obesity, abdominal adiposity, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome significatively increased (P = 0.05 or less). Among participants with prehypertension, 73% had two or more additional cardiovascular risk factors. In the logistic model the probability of prehypertension was higher in men (OR: 1.429; 95% CI: 1.099 -1.857) and participants with overweight/obesity (OR: 1.666; 1.146 -2.422), lower in participants aged ≥ 55 years (0.427; 0.267 -0.683) and those with high fruit intake (0.691; 0.488 -0.977). The probability of hypertension was higher in participants aged ≥ 55 years (OR: 6.988; 4.561 -10.706), overweight/obesity (2.263; 1.704 -3.004), those with high vegetables consumption (1.152; 1.003 -1.324) and faster pulse rate (1.013; 1.002 -1.025). Conclusion: Our results suggest that fruit consumption and control of overweight are important issues for prevention of cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa where high blood pressure is the main driver of the current epidemic.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Prehypertension, Hypertension and Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Adult Congolese Urban Dwellers: Results of the Vitaraa Study

Bayauli¹,

M’Buyamba-Kayamba²,

Lemogoum³

et al. 2014

WJCD

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“…[20–25] The majority of these studies, however, were conducted in Asian populations, where manifestations of the metabolic syndrome may differ from the United States (US). Notably, the prevalence of obesity in such countries is significantly lower than the prevalence of obesity in the US [26–28], and certain features of metabolic syndrome, such as waist circumference are defined differently. [29–30] As such, their results should not be extrapolated to the adult US population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated serum uric acid levels are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease independently of metabolic syndrome features in the United States: Liver ultrasound data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

et al. 2013

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Objective Experimental and observational studies suggest a role for uric acid in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We examined the association between serum uric acid levels and NAFLD in a large population-based study from the United States. Materials/Methods A cross-sectional analysis of 10,732 nondiabetic adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988–1994. Sex specific uric acid quartiles were defined: ≤5.2, 5.3–6.0, 6.1–6.9, and >6.9 mg/dL for men and ≤3.7, 3.8–4.5, 4.6–5.3, and >5.3 mg/dL for women. NAFLD presence and severity were defined by ultrasonographic detection of steatosis in the absence of other liver diseases. We modeled the probability that more severe NAFLD would be associated with the highest quartiles of uric acid. Results Compared to the 1st quartile, the odds ratio for NAFLD was 1.79 (95% C.I. 1.49–2.15, p < 0.001) and 3.14 (95% C.I. 2.63–3.75, p < 0.001) for the 3rd and 4th quartiles, respectively. After adjusting for demographics, hypertension, waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and aspartate aminotransferase, uric acid (4th quartile) was significantly associated with NAFLD (odds ratio 1.43; 95% C.I. 1.16–1.76, p < 0.001). Positive parameter estimates suggest increasing uric acid is associated with greater severity of NAFLD. Conclusions Elevated uric acid level is independently associated with ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD in a nationally representative sample of United States nondiabetic adults. Increasing uric acid is associated with increasing severity of NAFLD on ultrasonography. These findings warrant further studies on the role of uric acid in NAFLD.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Also, it has been noted that weight gain increases the risk of hypertension, 1,2,7,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17] whereas weight loss contributes to a reduction in risk. [18][19][20] However, it has not been fully clarified whether overall adiposity in early adulthood such as around age 20 years or at the lifetime maximum would irreversibly confer a residual risk of hypertension after considering the risk associated with current adiposity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Role of Body Mass Index History in Predicting Risk of the Development of Hypertension in Japanese Individuals

et al. 2014

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It is generally accepted that being overweight or obese increases the risk of the development of hypertension. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Also, it has been noted that weight gain increases the risk of hypertension, 1,2,7,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17] whereas weight loss contributes to a reduction in risk. [18][19][20] However, it has not been fully clarified whether overall adiposity in early adulthood such as around age 20 years or at the lifetime maximum would irreversibly confer a residual risk of hypertension after considering the risk associated with current adiposity. In a study of a British birth cohort that analyzed the association of body mass index (BMI) across childhood and adulthood with blood pressure in midadulthood, it was suggested that high BMI and BMI gain at any life stage, especially when recent, were associated with elevated blood pressure levels. 21 A strong positive association between being overweight in early adulthood was reported to be associated with elevated midlife blood pressure levels. 22 To date, only a few large longitudinal studies investigated the role of BMI in early adulthood in the prediction of future hypertension, 7,8,23 and these studies did not clarify the effect of the lifetime maximum BMI (BMImax) on the development of hypertension. In addition, although a few studies suggested that the association between weight gain and incident hypertension tended to be greater in younger than in older participants, 7,24 it remains undetermined whether histories of elevated BMI in early adulthood such as the 20s (BMIage20y) or the BMImax would be positively associated with an increased risk of hypertension even in later life.Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of BMI histories, including BMI in the early 20s, at its maximum and at the time of baseline examination, as predictors of future hypertension in Japanese individuals. Methods Study ParticipantsThe Toranomon Hospital Health Management Center Study included a cohort consisting mainly of apparently healthy government employees who underwent annual examinations for health screening in Tokyo, Japan. This study included 8142 individuals who underwent a baseline examination during the period from 2003 to 2007 and provided data on blood pressure measurements, a self-reported history of medical treatment for hypertension, or the use of antihypertensive Abstract-It has not been clarified whether overall adiposity in early adulthood or at the lifetime maximum weight would confer a residual risk of hypertension after considering the risk associated with current adiposity. Studied were 6121 Japanese without hypertension. The risk of developing hypertension 4 years after a baseline examination was investigated using the body mass index in the early 20s, at the lifetime maximum, or at the baseline examination. An elevated body mass index at baseline or at the maximum rather than in the early 20s was strongly associated with future hypertension. Compared with individuals with low body mass index both at baseline and in the early...

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Impact of obesity on incident hypertension independent of weight gain among nonhypertensive Japanese

Abstract: The baseline BMI is associated with future risk for incident hypertension even after accounting for weight change during the follow-up period. Weight loss may be recommended to nonhypertensive obese adults to prevent the development of hypertension.

Cited by 33 publications

References 36 publications

Prehypertension, Hypertension and Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Adult Congolese Urban Dwellers: Results of the Vitaraa Study

Prehypertension, Hypertension and Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Adult Congolese Urban Dwellers: Results of the Vitaraa Study

Elevated serum uric acid levels are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease independently of metabolic syndrome features in the United States: Liver ultrasound data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Role of Body Mass Index History in Predicting Risk of the Development of Hypertension in Japanese Individuals

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