Impact of Obesity and Ozone on the Association Between Particulate Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke Mortality Among US Adults

Mazidi, Mohsen; Speakman, John R.

doi:10.1161/jaha.117.008006

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 112 publications

(233 reference statements)

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“…Thus, participants with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, overweight or obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperbetalipoproteinemia may be more susceptible to the cardiovascular effects of air pollution than those without cardiometabolic risk factors. Prior epidemiologic studies 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 that explored cardiometabolic risk factors as effect modifiers of associations of air pollution with CVD primarily focused on short-term exposure or CVD mortality. Only a few published studies to date focused on long-term exposure to air pollution and CVD morbidity, and the results remained mixed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Long-term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollutants With Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in China

et al. 2019

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Key Points Question Which cardiometabolic risk factors are associated with ambient air pollution in China? Findings In this population-based cross-sectional study including 15 477 Chinese adults, the strongest associations for exposure to air pollution were detected for individuals with hyperbetalipoproteinemia and the weakest associations for those with overweight or obesity. The metabolic risk factors may have exacerbated the associations of air pollutants with the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Meaning These findings may help researchers, physicians, and policy makers evaluate the hazardous effects of air pollutants more completely and design targeted strategies for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Long-term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollutants With Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in China

et al. 2019

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“…The data, analytic methods, and study materials have been made available to other researchers for purposes of reproducing the results or replicating the procedure . We used data on mortality rate (per 100 000 individuals) for CVD and stroke (between 2011 and 2013, aged >35 years) from the publicly available CDC web site (http://www.cdc.gov).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Institutional review board approval was obtained by CDC, and each subject provided informed consent. All the data are already in the public domain from sites identified in the main text …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data, analytic methods, and study materials have been made available to other researchers for purposes of reproducing the results or replicating the procedure. 37 We used data on mortality rate (per 100 000 individuals) for CVD and stroke (between 2011 and 2013, aged >35 years) from the publicly available CDC web site (http:// www.cdc.gov). CVD mortality was defined as the number of deaths per 100 000 person-years because of circulatory causes (International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision [ICD-10] codes I00-I99).…”

Section: Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Fast‐Food and Full‐Service Restaurant Densities With Mortality From Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke, and the Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus

Mazidi

Speakman

2018

JAHA

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BackgroundWe explored whether higher densities of fast‐food restaurants (FFRs) and full‐service restaurants are associated with mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) across the mainland United States.Methods and ResultsIn this cross‐sectional study county‐level data for CVD and stroke mortality, and prevalence of T2D, were combined with per capita densities of FFRs and full‐service restaurants and analyzed using regression. Mortality and diabetes mellitus prevalence were corrected for poverty, ethnicity, education, physical inactivity, and smoking. After adjustment, FFR density was positively associated with CVD (β=1.104, R 2=2.3%), stroke (β=0.841, R 2=1.4%), and T2D (β=0.578, R 2=0.6%) and full‐service restaurant density was positively associated with CVD mortality (β=0.19, R 2=0.1%) and negatively related to T2D prevalence (β=−0.25, R 2=0.3%). In a multiple regression analysis (FFRs and full‐service restaurants together in same model), only the densities of FFRs were significant (and positive). If we assume these relationships are causal, an impact analysis suggested that opening 10 new FFRs in a county would lead to 1 extra death from CVD every 42 years and 1 extra death from stroke every 55 years. Repeated nationally across all counties, that would be an extra 748 CVD deaths and 567 stroke deaths (and 390 new cases of T2D) over the next 10 years.ConclusionsThese results suggest that an increased density of FFRs is associated with increased risk of death from CVD and stroke and increased T2D prevalence, but the maximal impact (assuming the correlations reflect causality) of each individual FFR is small.Clinical Trial RegistrationURL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT03243253.

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“…There have been few studies on the impact of obesity factors on CVD risk of the homeless. For the general public, obesity can cause coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, atrial fibrillation, and sudden cardiac death and is a significant risk factor for hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Susceptibility to obesity-related cardiometabolic (CM) complications is not solely mediated by overall body fat mass but is largely dependent upon individual differences in regional body fat distribution and the ability of subcutaneous adipose tissue to expand [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Obesity-Related Anthropometric Factors on Cardiovascular Risks of Homeless Adults in Taiwan

Chen

Liu

2020

IJERPH

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Homelessness is a pre-existing phenomenon in society and an important public health issue that national policy strives to solve. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important health problem of the homeless. This cross-sectional study explored the effects of four obesity-related anthropometric factors—body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)—on cardiovascular disease risks (expressed by three CVD markers: hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia) among homeless adults in Taipei and compared the relevant results with ordinary adults in Taiwan. The research team sampled homeless adults over the age of 20 in Taipei City in 2018 and collected 297 participants. Through anthropometric measurements, blood pressure measurements, and blood tests, we calculated the obesity-related indicators of the participants and found those at risks of cardiovascular disease. The results showed that the prevalence of hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia in homeless adults was significantly higher than that of ordinary adults in Taiwan. Among the four obesity-related indicators, WHtR showed the strongest association with the prevalence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia, followed by WHR, both of which showed stronger association than traditional WC and BMI indicators. It can be inferred that abdominal obesity characterized by WHtR is a key risk factor for hypertension and hyperlipidemia in homeless adults in Taiwan. We hope that the results will provide medical clinical references and effectively warn of cardiovascular disease risks for the homeless in Taiwan.

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Impact of Obesity and Ozone on the Association Between Particulate Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke Mortality Among US Adults

Cited by 29 publications

References 112 publications

Association of Long-term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollutants With Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in China

Association of Long-term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollutants With Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in China

Association of Fast‐Food and Full‐Service Restaurant Densities With Mortality From Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke, and the Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus

The Effects of Obesity-Related Anthropometric Factors on Cardiovascular Risks of Homeless Adults in Taiwan

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