Impact of Nd3+ Substitutions on the Structure and Magnetic Properties of Nanostructured SrFe12O19 Hexaferrite

Abstract

In this study, SrFe12-xNdxO19, where x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5, was prepared using high-energy ball milling. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Using the XRD results, a comparative analysis of crystallite sizes of the prepared powders was carried out by different methods (models) such as the Scherrer, Williamson–Hall (W–H), Halder–Wagner (H–W), and size-strain plot (SSP) method. All the studied methods prove that the average nanocrystallite size of the prepared samples increases by increasing the Nd concentration. The H–W and SSP methods are more accurate than the Scherer or W–H methods, suggesting that these methods are more suitable for analyzing the XRD spectra obtained in this study. The specific saturation magnetization (σs), the effective anisotropy constant (Keff), the field of magnetocrystalline anisotropy (Ha), and the field of shape anisotropy (Hd) for SrFe12-xNdxO19 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) powders were calculated. The coercivity (Hc) increases (about 9% at x = 0.4) with an increasing degree of substitution of Fe3+ by Nd3+, which is one of the main parameters for manufacturing permanent magnets.

Phase Engineering of Titanium Oxynitride System and Its Solar Light-Driven Photocatalytic Dye Degradation, H2 Generation, and N2 Fixation Properties

“…In order to analyze the presence of nitride phase in the systems, the micro-Raman spectra of TON850 and TON950 were obtained under a 785 nm laser. Due to the lower laser energy, it largely excites the nitride phase in the system and the Raman modes corresponding to Ti–N in the respective oxynitride (TON850) and nitride (TON950) are clearly observed as shown in Figure b . Notably, a major band at 152 cm –1 is observed for TON850, which corresponds to the presence of Ti–O in oxynitrides, while the band at 202 cm –1 is observed in both spectra and is attributed to the presence of the Ti–N in both nitride and oxynitride systems.…”

“…Due to the lower laser energy, it largely excites the nitride phase in the system and the Raman modes corresponding to Ti−N in the respective oxynitride (TON850) and nitride (TON950) are clearly observed as shown in Figure 3b. 47 Notably, a major band at 152 cm −1 is observed for TON850, which corresponds to the presence of Ti−O in oxynitrides, while the band at 202 cm −1 is observed in both spectra and is attributed to the presence of the Ti−N in both nitride and oxynitride systems. Also, as compared to TON950, a red-shift is observed in the Raman spectrum of TON850 in the wavenumber range of 500−600 cm −1 , which could be attributed to the presence of Ti−N−O lattices in the formed oxynitride phase.…”

Barium Titanate/Gadolinium Ferrite: A New Material Composite to Store Energy

“…A mixture of BaCO 3 (99+% pure, MaTeck, Jülich, Germany) and TiO 2 (99.8% pure, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was prepared at room temperature. Several works present different examples of how to produce oxide compounds [ 18 , 19 ]. The powders were weighted in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio to obtain BaTiO 3 .…”