Impact of Multi-Connectivity on Channel Capacity and Outage Probability in Wireless Networks

Weedage, Lotte; Stegehuis, Clara; Bayhan, Suzan

doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3242358

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…The channel is disturbed due to underground noise, interference, and malicious interactions. The rate of channel interruptions is not common for surface transmission with widely varying uncertainty rates [53][54][55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Channel Assessment Policies for Energy-Efficient Data Transmission in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks

Rajasoundaran

Stanislaus

Ramasamy³

et al. 2023

Energies

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Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUGSNs) transmit data collected from underground objects such as water substances, oil substances, soil contents, and others. In addition, the underground sensor nodes transmit the data to the surface nodes regarding underground irregularities, earthquake, landslides, military border surveillance, and other issues. The channel difficulties of WUGSNs create uncertain communication barriers. Recent research works have proposed different types of channel assessment techniques and security approaches. Moreover, the existing techniques are inadequate to learn the real-time channel attributes in order to build reactive data transmission models. The proposed system implements Deep Learning-based Multi-Channel Learning and Protection Model (DMCAP) using the optimal set of channel attribute classification techniques. The proposed model uses Multi-Channel Ensemble Model, Ensemble Multi-Layer Perceptron (EMLP) Classifiers, Nonlinear Channel Regression models and Nonlinear Entropy Analysis Model, and Ensemble Nonlinear Support Vector Machine (ENLSVM) for evaluating the channel conditions. Additionally, Variable Generative Adversarial Network (VGAN) engine makes the intrusion detection routines under distributed environment. According to the proposed principles, WUGSN channels are classified based on the characteristics such as underground acoustic channels, underground to surface channels and surface to ground station channels. On the classified channel behaviors, EMLP and ENLSVM are operated to extract the Signal to Noise Interference Ratio (SNIR) and channel entropy distortions of multiple channels. Furthermore, the nonlinear regression model was trained for understanding and predicting the link (channel behaviors). The proposed DMCAP has extreme difficulty finding the differences of impacts due to channel issues and malicious attacks. In this regard, the VGAN-Intrusion Detection System (VGAN-IDS) model was configured in the sensor nodes to monitor the channel instabilities against malicious nodes. Thus, the proposed system deeply analyzes multi-channel attribute qualities to improve throughput in uncertain WUGSN. The testbed was created for classified channel parameters (acoustic and air) with uncertain network parameters; the uncertainties of testbed are considered as link failures, noise distortions, interference, node failures, and number of retransmissions. Consequently, the experimental results show that DMCAP attains 10% to 15% of better performance than existing systems through better throughput, minimum retransmission rate, minimum delay, and minimum energy consumption rate. The existing techniques such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF)-based Classification (SMC), Optimal Energy-Efficient Transmission (OETN), and channel-aware multi-path routing principles using Reinforcement Learning model (CRLR) are identified as suitable for the proposed experiments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Channel Assessment Policies for Energy-Efficient Data Transmission in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks

Rajasoundaran

Stanislaus

Ramasamy³

et al. 2023

Energies

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“…Estimation techniques can be used to collect network performance data to measure traffic and capacity requirements accurately. Estimation approaches give reliable estimations of traffic volume, which aids in the proper planning of network capacity and performance 20–22 . Estimation techniques can be applied to both voice and data networks, as well as individual cells, allowing for an examination of network traffic variability 23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Throughput and coverage based Base Station–Relay Station deployment for 5G cellular network

Ratheesh,

Nair,

Vetrivelan

et al. 2024

Concurrency and Computation

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SummaryFifth generation cellular networks have high data rates and connectivity demands. The relaying approaches are widely used in cellular networks to improve coverage, user throughput, and capacity at low cost. The increasing data requirements of the mobile network increase energy consumption. Energy efficiency‐based approaches also impact network coverage and throughput. Therefore, developing an energy‐efficient network with optimal coverage and throughput is considered a challenging issue. It can be resolved with optimal deployment of Base Station (BS), Relay Station (RS), and minimizing power consumption. In this research, a joint clustering‐based deployment technique is proposed for BS–RS deployment by considering the network throughput and coverage ratio. After enabling optimal BS–RS deployment, the network traffic is estimated with an On‐demand real‐time traffic estimation framework (ODTE). It estimates user association values using Beacon frames. In addition, the Relay Assisted Base station Power Scheduling (RABPS) approach to minimize power consumption is included. Based on Erlang's probability, the RABPS algorithm is enhanced with sleep mode activation during off‐peak hours. The proposed 5G network ensures uninterrupted connectivity and energy efficiency with varying time slots of power scheduling. The throughput performance of the clustering‐based approach is increased with a coverage ratio of 88%. The simulation results show the superiority of the proposed 5G BS–RS deployment and power scheduling in terms of throughput, coverage ratio, and power consumption.

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“…Efficiency technologies such as NS and MC are wellregarded for their effectiveness in achieving optimal traffic management and accommodating the diverse demands of multiple types of traffic [8], [9]. These techniques encompass a spectrum of strategies and functionalities for resource management and connectivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empowering Traffic Steering in 6G Open RAN with Deep Reinforcement Learning

Kavehmadavani,

Nguyen,

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

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The sixth-generation (6G) wireless network landscape is evolving toward enhanced programmability, virtualization, and intelligence to support heterogeneous use cases. The O-RAN Alliance is pivotal in this transition, introducing a disaggregated architecture and open interfaces within the 6G network. Our paper explores an intelligent traffic steering (TS) scheme within the Open radio access network (RAN) architecture, aimed at improving overall system performance. Our novel TS algorithm efficiently manages diverse services, improving shared infrastructure performance amid unpredictable demand fluctuations. To address challenges like varying channel conditions, dynamic traffic demands, we propose a multi-layer optimization framework tailored to different timescales. Techniques such as long-short-term memory (LSTM), heuristics, and multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) are employed within the non-real-time (non-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC). These techniques collaborate to make decisions on a larger timescale, defining custom control applications such as the intelligent TS-xAPP deployed at the near-real-time (near-RT) RIC. Meanwhile, optimization on a smaller timescale occurs at the RAN layer after receiving inferences/policies from RICs to address dynamic environments. The simulation results confirm the system's effectiveness in intelligently steering traffic through a slice-aware scheme, improving eMBB throughput by an average of 99.42% over slice isolation.

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Impact of Multi-Connectivity on Channel Capacity and Outage Probability in Wireless Networks

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Multi-Channel Assessment Policies for Energy-Efficient Data Transmission in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks

Multi-Channel Assessment Policies for Energy-Efficient Data Transmission in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks

Throughput and coverage based Base Station–Relay Station deployment for 5G cellular network

Empowering Traffic Steering in 6G Open RAN with Deep Reinforcement Learning

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