Impact of livestock rearing practices on public health and environmental issues in selected municipality areas of Bangladesh

Abstract

Livestock keeping at urbanized areas is increasing folds in rate now-a-days in Bangladesh. To characterize the urban livestock keeping practices and its implications on public health and environmental issues in Mymensingh, Gazipur and Shariatpur municipality, Bangladesh, a questionnaire survey was carried out. Ninety livestock keepers were freely characterized and data were obtained Disease outbreaks are 21%, 18%, 17%, 16%, 13%, and 10% of ecto-parasite, mastitis, helminthosis, lumpy skin disease, wounds, and diarrhoea. 14% livestock owner follow vaccination program to keep better their animals from viral or bacterial infections. All the respondents (100%) are aware that livestock keeping could have a negative effect on urban health and environment. More than 50% of the respondents choose dung and urine disposal, malodor and blocked roads are the major damages caused by livestock. Strategies for controlling the damages were as follows: awareness through broadcasting documentary via mass media (4.33), regular health check via veterinary services (3.96), keeping database and regular updated of livestock keepers (3.82), proper disposal of waste (3.69), strengthening rules and policy development for local authority (3.61), reducing numbers of animal (3.48), provision of extension services (3.47), cleaning vicinity daily (3.32). There were some measures taken from public interviewing which need to amend for keeping health and environment free from diseases and pollution.

Differential Overlap in Human and Animal Fecal Microbiomes and Resistomes in Rural versus Urban Bangladesh

“…People living in urban Bangladesh tend to have diverse diets consisting of most food groups (i.e., starches, pulses, fish, eggs, meat, vegetables, fruit, milks, oils, spices, sweets, and beverages), while those in rural areas are more likely to have limited diets (39). As free-roaming animals are common in Bangladesh, similar human and chicken gut microbiomes in the rural community might be explained by chickens scavenging through human rubbish and/or being fed scraps and leftovers from human meals (8,40,41). It is also possible that the differences in bacterial communities between rural and urban goats could be attributed to grazing on differing food sources in the rural and urban communities.…”

Differential overlap in human and animal fecal microbiomes and resistomes in rural versus urban Bangladesh

“…Geography and diet could also explain why urbanicity was a determinant of bacterial communities in humans and in goats. Free-roaming animals are common in rural and urban Bangladesh, so it is possible the differences in bacterial communities between rural and urban goats could be attributed to grazing on differing food sources in rural and urban communities [8, 66, 67].…”

Garbage waste induced heavy metals on roaming cattle

“…About 2% of the total livestock are available in urban and peri-urban areas of Bangladesh (Alam et al, 2016). Interestingly, urban livestock production system is operating unplanned and densely populated neighborhoods which has negative impact on public health and also introduces environmental pollutions (Smit et al, 2001).…”

“…Interestingly, urban livestock production system is operating unplanned and densely populated neighborhoods which has negative impact on public health and also introduces environmental pollutions (Smit et al, 2001). Our groups (Alam et al, 2016) . Furthermore, the sample was cooled and added 2 ml of deionized water and 3 ml of 30%…”