Impact of Lactation Stage on the Body Condition and Milk Quality of Black Goat

Merkhan, Kawa Y.; Darwesh, Khalil A.; Buti, Emad Tayar Sadeeq

doi:10.24102/ijafr.v2i2.199

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The authors of the research performed in Portuguese extensive farms did not report the prevalence of too thin or too fat animals; hence, no further comparisons can be made ( 19 , 20 ). The high prevalence of very thin goats in our farms could be explained by the fact that goats were in mid-lactation stage, when body reserves had not recovered from the losses occurred during the previous peak of lactation yet ( 32 ), aggravated by the absence of supplementary feed offered to goats in five farms during the grazing period. The risk for low energy intake is higher at pasture compared to indoor conditions as it is not always easy to fulfill the energy requirements of dairy animals only through natural forage resources ( 11 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Feasibility and Reliability of the AWIN Welfare Assessment Protocol for Dairy Goats in Semi-extensive Farming Conditions

et al. 2021

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The aim of this study was to test the feasibility and reliability of the Animal Welfare Indicators (AWIN) protocol for welfare assessment of dairy goats when applied to semi-extensive farming conditions. We recruited 13 farms located in the NW Italian Alps where three assessors individually and independently applied a modified version of the AWIN welfare assessment protocol for goats integrated with some indicators derived from the AWIN welfare assessment protocol for sheep. The applied protocol consisted of nine individual-level (body condition score, hair coat condition, abscesses, overgrown claws, udder asymmetry, fecal soiling, nasal discharge, ocular discharge, and improper disbudding) and seven group-level (severe lameness, Qualitative Behavior Assessment-QBA, thermal stress, oblivion, Familiar Human Approach Test-FHAT, synchrony at grazing, synchrony at resting) animal-based indicators. On most farms, the level of welfare was good. Many of the considered welfare problems (overgrown claws, fecal soiling, discharges, and thermal stress) were never recorded. However, oblivion, severe lameness, hair coat condition and abscesses were detected on some farms, with percentages ranging from 5 to 35%. The mean percentage of animals with normal body condition was 67.9 ± 5.7. The level of synchronization during resting was on average low (14.3 ± 7.2%). The application of the whole protocol required more than 4 h/farm and 3 min/goat. The inter-observer reliability varied from excellent (udder asymmetry, overgrown claws, discharges, synchrony at resting, use of shelter) to acceptable (abscesses, fecal soiling, and oblivion), but insufficient for hair coat condition, improper disbudding, synchrony at grazing, QBA. Differences in background of the assessors and feasibility constraints (i.e., use of binoculars in unfenced pastures, individual-level assessment conducted during the morning milking in narrow and dark pens, difficulties when using the scan and instantaneous sampling method due to the high number of animals that moved at the same time) can affect the reliability of data collection. Extensive training seems necessary for properly scoring animals when applying the QBA, whereas the FHAT to evaluate the Human-Animal Relationship of goats at pasture seems promising but needs to be validated. Indicators that evaluate the synchrony of activities require to be validated to identify the best moment to perform the observations during the day.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Feasibility and Reliability of the AWIN Welfare Assessment Protocol for Dairy Goats in Semi-extensive Farming Conditions

et al. 2021

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“…Therefore, body reserve fat and protein have to be used to make up for this energy deficit. In this condition, the level of BCS was decreased as well as the milk production to 60 -80% of the peak and lactation stage influences BCS, serum glucose and milk constituents [3] . So body condition score (BCS) in dry period is important.…”

Section: Milk Production and Stage Of Lactationmentioning

confidence: 87%

Response of Blood Metabolite Levels of Saanen-Etawah Crossbred Does to Ovarian Cycle

Diatmono,

Kumala,

Sitaresmi

et al. 2024

AAVS

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Body condition is a term used to signify the body reserves present in an individual animal. An animal's body condition indicates the amount of lipid (fat) and protein (muscle) reserves that are available for maintenance, reproduction and production. Body Condition Scoring is an important tool for livestock managers or producers to optimize the production (meat and milk), feeding program, reproduction and welfare of the animals. Scoring is based on determining the amount of muscle and fat over and around the vertebrae. Scoring is performed in goats using a BCS ranging from 1.0 to 5.0, with 0.5 increments. It is helpful to detect changes and sudden losses in condition which are difficult to observe from the external appearance of animal. BCS is used for evaluating the current and past feeding program, judging the health status of individual animals. BCS is a simple but useful procedure, which can help producers make management decisions regarding the quality and quantity of feed needed to optimize production and reproduction thus can play an important role in goat marketing.

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Influence of Addition Spirulina Platensis Algae Powder on Reproductive and Productive Performance of Dairy Zaraibi Goats

Khalifa¹,

Hassanien²,

Mohamed³

et al. 2016

Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds

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he current work studied the addition of Spirulina platensis powder (SPP) to dairy nanny goat rations on the reproductive and productive performance. Fourteen dairy Zaraibi goats with an average body weight of 36.00 kg at 33.43 months of age were used in this study. The Zaraibi nanny goats were distributed randomly in two groups (n=7 in each). The first group control (G1) was fed concentrate feed mixture (CFM) plus roughage as Egyptian berseem hay (BH) and rice straws (RS) plus orally empty rice paper sack / head /day. While, the second group (G2) was serviced as trial group and nourished previous control ration plus 500 mg of SPP stuffed into rice paper sack given orally/ head / day. Experimental diet was offered to either G1 or G2 twenty-one days pre-breeding season till postnatal to study reproductive performance. After postnatal, similarly eight does in parity rate (n=4 in each) were selected from later G1 and G2 and continued to fed last rations to study changing in udder measurements, suckling milk amount, variable in body weight of does and their kids, milk yield and blood metabolites.The results indicated that litter size and the quaternary rate were lower values in G1 than G2. Moreover, reproductive parameters in G2 have booster (P<0.05) udder formation than G1 during suckling months. The highest (P<0.05) values of suckling milk observed in G2 at all suckling months compared to G1. The highest (P<0.05) suckling milk energy obtained with G2 compared to G1 that may be attributed to difference (P<0.05) percentage values of fat and protein. The growth rate and daily weight gain of does in G2 and their kids achieved greater weight than does in G1 during suckling months. Based on early seven weeks (peak lactation curve) of milk yield, does in G2 showed significantly (P<0.05) higher milk yield through first three weeks, but the lactation curve during another four weeks declines almost similar trend (P>0.05) in milk yield compared to G1. Also, blood biochemical parameters e.g. total protein and glucose in G2 had significantly (P<0.05) higher than G1. However, G1 had greater (P<0.05) in cholesterol, triglycerides, AST and ALT concentration than those does in G2. Intriguingly, there was no significant difference in the concentrations of urea among goats in G1 and G2. Also, the present results revealed that lower feed cost of milk production was 1.45 L.E in G2 compared to G1 group (1.84 L.E). The present study clearly demonstrates that the SPP could be incorporated in diets as an increment of milking production and non-specific resistance of organism.

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Impact of Lactation Stage on the Body Condition and Milk Quality of Black Goat

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Feasibility and Reliability of the AWIN Welfare Assessment Protocol for Dairy Goats in Semi-extensive Farming Conditions

Feasibility and Reliability of the AWIN Welfare Assessment Protocol for Dairy Goats in Semi-extensive Farming Conditions

Response of Blood Metabolite Levels of Saanen-Etawah Crossbred Does to Ovarian Cycle

Influence of Addition Spirulina Platensis Algae Powder on Reproductive and Productive Performance of Dairy Zaraibi Goats

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