Impact of Information and Communication Technology Limitations on Microgrid Operation

Saleh, Mahmoud; Esa, Yusef; Hariri, Mohamad El; Mohamed, Ahmed

doi:10.3390/en12152926

Cited by 51 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The main challenge of this transition process is to maintain the voltage and frequency levels within the predefined limits of grid standards [39,40]. Generally, for an islanded system, the inverter power output moves along the droop curve, and the setpoint of frequency f 0 depends on the SOC of the Energy Storage System (ESS) in the system.…”

Section: Transition From Grid-connected To Standalone Modementioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Transition Control between Grid-Connected and Standalone Modes of Three-Phase Grid-Integrated Distributed Generation Systems

et al. 2021

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This paper proposes an intelligent seamless transition controller for smooth transition between grid-connected (GC) and standalone modes of distributed generation (DG) units in the grid. The development of this seamless controller contributes to two main processes in the transition modes: the synchronization process and an islanding process. For the synchronization process, the stationary reference frame phase-locked loop (SRF-PLL) associated with the voltage source inverter (VSI) is modified using the frequency, voltage deviation, and phase angle information. Furthermore, the islanding process is classified as intentional and unintentional islanding scenarios for achieving efficient transition control. Here, the intentional islanding process is achieved with the information that is available in the system due to the planned disconnection. For the unintentional islanding process, a fuzzy inference system (FIS) is used to modify the conventional droop control using the information of change in active power, voltage, and frequency. To identify the action of the proposed approach during the transition process, numerical simulations are conducted with the hardware-in-loop (HIL) simulator by developing a 10kWp three-phase grid-connected DG system. The results identified the efficient control of the VSI for both islanding and grid connection processes. In the islanding conditions, the proposed controller provides advantage with less detection and disconnection time, and during synchronization, it instantly minimizes the phase-angle deviation to achieve efficient control.

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Section: Transition From Grid-connected To Standalone Modementioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Transition Control between Grid-Connected and Standalone Modes of Three-Phase Grid-Integrated Distributed Generation Systems

et al. 2021

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“…It could be seen that the uses of cross or strategy. The delay time τ of 300 ms, which could be considered as the worst case of communication delay [34], is used in this study. Table 2.…”

Section: B Large Wind Farm Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leader-Following Diffusion-Based Reactive Power Coordination and Voltage Control of Offshore Wind Farm

Nguyen

Kim

2020

IEEE Access

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This paper proposed a distributed reactive power coordination and voltage control of offshore wind farm based on the leader-following diffusion algorithm. Designating several wind turbine generators (WTGs) as the leaders to receive the information of voltage at point of common coupling (PCC), the reactive power generations required to minimize the voltage deviation could be computed by these leaders. The required reactive power generations are diffused throughout all WTGs by the diffusion algorithm, resulting in the coordinated operation of WTGs to regulate the PCC voltage. The proposed offshore wind farm controller is based on the hierarchical control strategy, which consists of primary and secondary layers. The primary layer is responsible for the inner current, voltage or power regulations whereas the secondary layer is based on the proposed diffusion algorithm to achieve the coordinated operation among WTGs. The proposed strategy could maintain accurate reactive power sharing among WTGs and regulate the PCC voltage. A comparison study with the conventional consensus-based control is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed diffusion controller. The comparison results show the better performance of the proposed method in terms of dynamic responses of PCC voltage and reactive power coordination. Simulation scenarios of constant wind speed, variable wind speed, and voltage sag in the utility grid are carried out to evaluate the performance of proposed method. The proposed diffusion control is tested either in a small or large offshore wind farm systems. Effect of communication delay on the performance of proposed diffusion control is also described. An experiment of the small-scale wind farm system is conducted to show the feasibility of proposed diffusion strategy. INDEX TERMS Distributed control, diffusion algorithm, voltage control, wind farm control.

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“…Modified mains protection devices may be required within a section of a microgrid, along with specific neutral grounding arrangements in mains isolation. Adequate communication infrastructure may also be required along with power lines [16]. In general, utility will have to modify their grid development practices where microgrids are expected to form.…”

Section: F Specific Regulation Regarding Intentional Islanding For Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposals for Regulatory Framework Modifications for Microgrid Insertion–The Brazil Use Case

2020

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This work presents a detailed view on how the current policy scenario for the electricity sector in Brazil is prepared to absorb the concept of microgrids in both its technical and commercial scope. The main focus is on how we can move towards consistent and fair regulation in which all parties involved in the distributed generation sector are satisfied with their duties and rights. The current regulation framework does not explicitly tackle microgrids, but allows them to be connected into the distribution grid. However, the adoption of microgrids could be wider and fairer for their stakeholders through deeper technical understanding and consequent proposals for improvements to that regulation. Based on the assumption that the concept of microgrids has benefits for the environment and society, the intention of this work is to contribute to policy analysis that serve to leverage the insertion of microgrids in the context of the Brazilian energy sector. Thus, our main objective is that stakeholders are able to guide themselves and find proper implementation of their projects and realize the technical, societal and commercial benefits. The focus of the article is limited to microgrids inserted within the coverage area of distribution utilities. Therefore, the power grid is available to the connection, as long as it is operational. Nevertheless, the possibilities of islanded operation are explored. More than the availability of the grid under normal operation conditions, raising levels of interaction and cooperation for mutual gain and how the grid-microgrid relationship could be improved is the main focus. Finally, numerical simulations with the analysis of an actual deployment of a microgrid in a residential condominium in Brazil are used to illustrate the impacts of the proposals.

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Impact of Information and Communication Technology Limitations on Microgrid Operation

Cited by 51 publications

References 77 publications

Intelligent Transition Control between Grid-Connected and Standalone Modes of Three-Phase Grid-Integrated Distributed Generation Systems

Intelligent Transition Control between Grid-Connected and Standalone Modes of Three-Phase Grid-Integrated Distributed Generation Systems

Leader-Following Diffusion-Based Reactive Power Coordination and Voltage Control of Offshore Wind Farm

Proposals for Regulatory Framework Modifications for Microgrid Insertion–The Brazil Use Case

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