Impact of In-Vehicle Displays Location Preferences on Drivers' Performance and Gaze

Abstract

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and driver information systems (DIS) do not always comply with the intended driver safety enhancement. Even if they aim to augment the driver's awareness of the surrounding environment, perceiving this information requires the occasional attention diversion from the road, which could lead to a loss of vehicle control if the total eyes-off-road time exceeds the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) recommendation for glances away from the roadway. Additionally, technologies that can be found in other mobile environments, smartphones, and tablets are increasingly being integrated into cars, providing a necessary facet of study and continued research in their effects. We addressed this question by analyzing differential preferences for the layout of DIS and ADAS compared with existing ones through a card-sorting experiment. To validate our data, we additionally studied the drivers' performance and gaze with the preferred locations for in-vehicle information through gaze location and speed metrics measurements.Our validation process showed that the time the drivers needed to find the conveyed information in the preferred layout was within the recommended time of the NHTSA Guidelines. Drivers' preferences with regard to the functional layout of current DIS and ADAS compared with existing ones did not essentially differ from the layouts that are currently on the market. However, including mobile applications and social media in a vehicular context was not considered necessary.Index Terms-Information visualization, in-vehicle displays, vehicular user interfaces.

Vehicles, Advanced Features, Driver Behavior, and Safety: A Systematic Review of the Literature

“…They observed reduced ranges of acceleration and deceleration while the car-following was more synchronized. Olaverri-Monreal et al [34] probed into the effect of the location and angle of in-vehicle displays on driver safety. They observed the driver gaze when looking at driver information systems in the vehicle that are currently existing in the market, and inferred that they meet the NHTSA guidelines for the gazing away from road values.…”

How I Met Your V2X Sensor Data: Analysis of Projection-Based Light Field Visualization for Vehicle-to-Everything Communication Protocols and Use Cases

“…The timing of the notification is also essential; therefore, the requirements of a proper HMI solution in the vehicular context pose serious challenges to tackle. Olaverri-Monreal et al [ 71 ] analyzed a wide variety of display layout designs and studied the drivers’ performance and gaze with the preferred locations for in-vehicle information presentation for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Driver Information Systems (DIS). A comprehensive summary and analysis of the previously published works in the field of HMI applications for use in a vehicular context are provided by Olaverri-Monreal and Jizba [ 72 ].…”

Automated Driving: A Literature Review of the Take over Request in Conditional Automation

“…Several studies agree that multimodal messages consisting of a combination between acoustic sounds, images, and vibrotactile messages are more effective in TOR situations [36,60], but there are still many open questions about how this should be achieved and which is the message that has to be conveyed. To this end, several works have investigated information prioritization and functionality clustering for different modules in Driver Information Systems (DIS) and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) [41,[84][85][86][87] to ascertain where the increasing amount of vehicle information should be located within the vehicle to reduce the drivers' eye time off the road when looking for it. To illustrate several design concepts, Figure 3 shows HMI examples that have been implemented in TOR related studies.…”

“…These driver glance models allow the assessment of cognitive engagement during the TOR process [39]. During the transition to manual driving after conducting a NDRT, the driver's pupil diameter, glance duration, and the glances to certain Area of Interest (AOI) are used to assess performance and gaze [40,41]. Here, it is crucial to address the need of measures to regulate the privacy issues that arise from the collection of data.…”