How I Met Your V2X Sensor Data: Analysis of Projection-Based Light Field Visualization for Vehicle-to-Everything Communication Protocols and Use Cases

Abstract

The practical usage of V2X communication protocols started emerging in recent years. Data built on sensor information are displayed via onboard units and smart devices. However, perceptually obtaining such data may be counterproductive in terms of visual attention, particularly in the case of safety-related applications. Using the windshield as a display may solve this issue, but switching between 2D information and the 3D reality of traffic may introduce issues of its own. To overcome such difficulties, automotive light field visualization is introduced. In this paper, we investigate the visualization of V2X communication protocols and use cases via projection-based light field technology. Our work is motivated by the abundance of V2X sensor data, the low latency of V2X data transfer, the availability of automotive light field prototypes, the prevalent dominance of non-autonomous and non-remote driving, and the lack of V2X-based light field solutions. As our primary contributions, we provide a comprehensive technological review of light field and V2X communication, a set of recommendations for design and implementation, an extensive discussion and implication analysis, the exploration of utilization based on standardized protocols, and use-case-specific considerations.

Light Field Visualization for Training and Education: A Review

“…Moreover, as HUD-based solutions are frequent for the control of military vehicles, the best brightness and contrast values are required. For instance, in the context of use cases relying on vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, the data visualized on the 3D overlay provided by the LF windshield system must always be clearly perceivable [192]. Furthermore, many different dedicated displays may be relevant to specialized training, particularly the military.…”

The Good News, the Bad News, and the Ugly Truth: A Review on the 3D Interaction of Light Field Displays

“…There are numerous applications based on Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication, yet the data they convey is either shown on a smartphone or the digital dashboard of the vehicle [131][132][133][134]. Such light field solutions are particularly beneficial to the driver's reactive capabilities to V2X-based information [135]. Also, as the visualized content itself is 3D, the driver does not need to regularly switch between 2D and 3D visuals.…”