Impact of Ice Slurry Ingestion During Break-Times on Repeated-Sprint
                    Exercise in the Heat

Naito, Takashi; Haramura, Miki; Muraishi, Koji; Yamazaki, Misa; Takahashi, Hideyuki

doi:10.1055/a-1139-1761

Cited by 11 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…After HT, participants performed 30 min of a laboratory-based repeated-sprint exercise, broken up by 2-min rest periods (i. e., 15 reps of 1-min periods of the repeated-sprint cycling exercise for the 1 st and 2 nd trials) on a cycle ergometer (2 nd half). Each period started with 5 s of maximal pedaling at the load of weight×0.075 (kp) followed by 25 s of pedaling with no workload at a cadence of 80 rpm and ended with 30 s of passive rest 10 20 . To maintain the participants’ motivation, verbal encouragement was provided during the 2 nd half.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Half-Time Cooling Using a Fan with Skin Wetting on Thermal Response During Intermittent Cycling Exercise in the Heat

Osakabe

Kajiki

Kondo

et al. 2021

Sports Med Int Open

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The present study investigated the effects of half-time (HT) break cooling using a fan and damp sponge on physiological and perceptual responses during the 2nd half of a repeated-sprint exercise in a hot environment. Eight physically active men performed a familiarization trial and two experimental trials of a 2×30-min intermittent cycling exercise protocol with a 15-min HT break in hot conditions (35°C, 50% relative humidity). Two experimental trials were conducted in random order: skin wetting with a fan (FANwet) and no cooling (CON). During the 2nd half, a repeated-sprint cycling exercise was performed: i. e., 5 s of maximal pedaling (body weight×0.075 kp) every minute, separated by 25 s of unloaded pedaling (80 rpm) and 30 s of rest. Rectal temperature, skin temperature (chest, forearm, thigh, and calf), heart rate, physiological strain index, rating of perceived exertion, thermal sensation, and comfort were significantly improved in the FANwet condition (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the repeated-sprint cycling exercise performance between conditions. The results suggest that skin wetting with a fan during the HT break is a practical and effective cooling strategy for mitigating physiological and perceptual strain during the 2nd half in hot conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Half-Time Cooling Using a Fan with Skin Wetting on Thermal Response During Intermittent Cycling Exercise in the Heat

Osakabe

Kajiki

Kondo

et al. 2021

Sports Med Int Open

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“…•min −1 (109)). Seventeen studies included physically active participants (93,94,97,101,104,105,107,(110)(111)(112)(113)(114)(115)(116)(117)(118), twenty-one included recreational athletes (95, 96, 98-100, 106, 108, 119-131), and five involved professional athletes (102,109,(132)(133)(134)(135).…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Included Studies Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(B). Intermittent effort exercise (n = 11) (93,97,99,102,103,106,119,122,127,132,134). Ambient temperature during the exercise tasks ranged from 22 • C (106) to 38 • C ( 131) and relative humidity varied between 20% (126) and 80% (123).…”

Section: Exercise Protocols and Environmental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance effects of internal pre- and per-cooling across different exercise and environmental conditions: A systematic review

et al. 2022

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Exercise in a hot and humid environment may endanger athlete’s health and affect physical performance. This systematic review aimed to examine whether internal administration of ice, cold beverages or menthol solutions may be beneficial for physical performance when exercising in different environmental conditions and sports backgrounds. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus databases, from inception to April 2022, to identify studies meeting the following inclusion criteria: healthy male and female physically active individuals or athletes (aged ≥18 years); an intervention consisting in the internal administration (i.e., ingestion or mouth rinse) of ice slush, ice slurry or crushed ice and/or cold beverages and/or menthol solutions before and/or during exercise; a randomized crossover design with a control or placebo condition; the report of at least one physical performance outcome; and to be written in English. Our search retrieved 2,714 articles in total; after selection, 43 studies were considered, including 472 participants, 408 men and 64 women, aged 18-42 years, with a VO2max ranging from 46.2 to 67.2 mL⋅kg–1⋅min–1. Average ambient temperature and relative humidity during the exercise tasks were 32.4 ± 3.5°C (ranging from 22°C to 38°C) and 50.8 ± 13.4% (varying from 20.0% to 80.0%), respectively. Across the 43 studies, 7 exclusively included a menthol solution mouth rinse, 30 exclusively involved ice slurry/ice slush/crushed ice/cold beverages intake, and 6 examined both the effect of thermal and non-thermal internal techniques in the same protocol. Rinsing a menthol solution (0.01%) improved physical performance during continuous endurance exercise in the heat. Conversely, the ingestion of ice or cold beverages did not seem to consistently increase performance, being more likely to improve performance in continuous endurance trials, especially when consumed during exercises. Co-administration of menthol with or within ice beverages seems to exert a synergistic effect by improving physical performance. Even in environmental conditions that are not extreme, internal cooling strategies may have an ergogenic effect. Further studies exploring both intermittent and outdoor exercise protocols, involving elite male and female athletes and performed under not extreme environmental conditions are warranted.Systematic review registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021268197], identifier [CRD42021268197].

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“…Ice slurry refers to a homogeneous mixture of small ice particles and a carrier liquid. Intake of ice slurry before exercise, as compared with intake of cold fluids, leads to a greater reduction of the core temperature, with larger heat-sink effects [ 24 ], thereby improving endurance exercise performance in hot environments [ 14 , 25 ]. According to previous reports, intake of 7.5 g·kg -1 of ice slurry (−1°C) before and during exercise attenuated increase of the core temperature and improved the exercise performance [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, application of this cooling method may be difficult during field sports competitions, due to the need for high amounts of intake. In the aforementioned studies, intake of 7.5–22.5 g·kg -1 (e.g., 1.25 g·kg -1 12 times, 7.5 g·kg -1 once) of ice slurry before exercise or at every break-time during exercise resulted in a significant reduction of the core temperature by 0.4°C-0.7°C [ 25 , 27 ]. These intake amounts would be equivalent to 525–1575 g/70 kg body mass, and athletes might find it difficult to consume such large amounts of ice slurry during the half-time break in field sports activities, such as rugby union or soccer matches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice slurry ingestion improves physical performance during high-intensity intermittent exercise in a hot environment

et al. 2022

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Ice slurry ingestion enhances exercise performance by lowering the core body temperature. However, an operational issue related to this ingestion is the requirement for a high intake of 7.5 g·kg -1 to produce the desired effects. We investigated the effects of the intake of low amounts of ice slurry at −2°C on the tympanic temperature and exercise performance during repeated high-intensity intermittent exercises in a hot environment. This study was a randomized, crossover study, with a 6-day washout period. Twelve university rugby union players performed two 30-min sessions of high-intensity intermittent exercises separated by a 15-min half-time break on a cycle ergometer in a hot environment (28.8°C ± 0.1°C, 49.5% ± 0.6% relative humidity). The participants ingested 450 g of −2°C-ice slurry (ICE), or a 30°C-beverage (CON) having the same composition as ICE, or 30°C-water (WAT) during the half-time break. The tympanic temperature and skin temperature were measured as the physiological data, and the peak power and mean power as the exercise performance data. The tympanic temperature at the half-time break and beginning of the 2 nd session was significantly lower in the ICE group as compared with the CON and WAT groups. The skin temperature at the half-time break was significantly lower in the ICE group as compared with the WAT group. While the peak power and mean power during the 2 nd session were significantly greater in the ICE group as compared with the CON and WAT groups. Our findings suggest that even the intake of lower amounts, as compared with those used in previous studies, of low-temperature ice slurry can reduce the body temperature and improve the peak power. These results suggest that intake of low-temperature ice slurry as a strategy for internal body cooling is useful for improving endurance exercise performance in hot environments.

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Impact of Ice Slurry Ingestion During Break-Times on Repeated-Sprint Exercise in the Heat

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of Half-Time Cooling Using a Fan with Skin Wetting on Thermal Response During Intermittent Cycling Exercise in the Heat

Effects of Half-Time Cooling Using a Fan with Skin Wetting on Thermal Response During Intermittent Cycling Exercise in the Heat

Performance effects of internal pre- and per-cooling across different exercise and environmental conditions: A systematic review

Ice slurry ingestion improves physical performance during high-intensity intermittent exercise in a hot environment

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