Impact of Helicobacter pylori infection on gut microbiota

Abstract

A number of studies have revealed the association between Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection and the gut microbiota. More than half of the investigations on the impact of H. pylori on the gut microbiota have been the sub-analyses of the influence of eradication therapy. It was observed that H. pylori eradication altered gut microbiota within a short period after eradication, and majority of the alterations took a long period of time to reverse back to the original. Changes in the gut microbiota within a short period after eradication may be attributed to antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors. Modification of gastric acidity in the stomach caused by a long-term H. pylori infection alters the gut microbiota. Analysis of the gut microbiota should be conducted in a large population, adjusting for considerable biases associated with the composition of the gut microbiota, such as age, sex, body mass index, diet and the virulence of H. pylori .

Helicobacter pylori may participate in the development of inflammatory bowel disease by modulating the intestinal microbiota

“…[44] To conclude, H. pylori infection not only induces changes in the gastric microenvironment but also interacts with microbiota in the large intestine, creating a new physiological balance in the GI tract. Although limited data are available regarding the changes in the intestinal microbiota in humans and animals, [45][46][47] the results avilable thus far demonstrate an "IBD-protective" profile of the intestinal microbiome, such as an increase in alphaand beta-diversity, [48] Firmicutes phyla, [35] and Akkermansia species. [34] Therefore, we speculate that alterations in the intestinal microbiota induced by H. pylori and eradication contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD.…”

Helicobacter pylori promotes colorectal carcinogenesis by deregulating intestinal immunity and inducing a mucus-degrading microbiota signature

“…Interestingly, microbial induction of IL-17A production has been shown to endorse colon cancer initiation and progression in Apc +/min mice, which was mediated via STAT3 signaling (49). We thus hypothesized that alterations in microbiota compositions in the intestine and colon induced by H. pylori may also contribute to carcinogenesis (29, 50). Indeed, when housing mice under germ-free conditions, activation of STAT3 and tumor development were lower upon H. pylori infection, but not completely normalized, indicating that microbiota alterations are involved in the phenotype but not exclusively responsible.…”

Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastrointestinal microecology

“…increased and the abundance of Candida glabrata and unclassified fungi improved ( Dash et al., 2019 ). The underlying reason may be that H. pylori infection leads to the initiation of the mucosal coimmunity response as well as changes in gastric acid and gastrin secretion, resulting in an increase in gastric pH, weakening the gastric acid barrier, and simultaneously affecting intestinal pH, which in turn promotes changes in intestinal flora ( Iino and Shimoyama, 2021 ). H. pylori infection may also change the distal intestinal flora through mucosal co-immune response by cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), Vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA), which impairs cell polarity and affects host signaling pathways, thereby altering immune phenotypes and promoting inflammation ( He et al., 2022 ).…”