Impact ofHaemophilus influenzaetype b vaccination on the incidence of invasiveHaemophilus influenzaedisease in France, 15 years after its introduction

Abstract

We assessed the impact of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination, introduced in France in early 1993, on the incidence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) disease up to 2008.The incidence of Hi meningitis fell from 0·9/100000 in 1991–1992 to 0·09/100 000 in 1996–2008,with a marked decline (96%) in children aged <5 years, including infants aged <3 months, from 12 to 0·4 /100 000. The incidence of invasive Hi disease also decreased in children aged <15 years from 6 to 0·7 /100 000, remained stable in the 15–64 years age group at about 0·5/100 000,and increased slightly from 2·0 to 2·4 /100 000 in persons aged >64 years. No emergence of non-encapsulated or encapsulated non-vaccine serotypes was observed. These findings confirm the major direct impact of Hib vaccination on the incidence of Hi invasive disease in children and the indirect benefit of vaccination for infants too young to be vaccinated.

Epidemiology of Bacteremia in Previously Healthy Febrile Infants: A Follow-up Study

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] However, the choice of empirical antibiotic therapy has not changed over the past several decades. [13][14][15] The accepted standard of care is to initiate broad-spectrum antibiotics, typically ampicillin and either gentamicin or a third-generation cephalosporin, before culture data availability because of the high morbidity and mortality of untreated SBI.…”

Impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease in France, 2001–2012

“…The latter is estimated from the proportion of national public and private acute-care hospital admissions covered by participating laboratories, as described in previous publications [2,5,7]. Annual population data are issued by the National Institute for Statistics and Economical Studies.…”

“…Annual population data are issued by the National Institute for Statistics and Economical Studies. Only hospitals that send data for the full 12-months period are considered participating laboratories [2,5,7]. More than three quarters of the participating hospitals (230/299, 77%) participated during the three time periods included in the analysis (i.e.…”

“…Since 1987, Epibac collects data on six severe invasive bacterial diseases including pneumococcal infections [2,5]. Pneumococcal invasive cases are defined as the isolation of pneumococcus or the detection of pneumococcal DNA, from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or blood (non-meningitis IPD).…”

“…Data collected include age, sex, and site of isolation. Epibac covers more than 74% of the French metropolitan population and the participating hospitals are distributed evenly across the national territory [2,5].…”