Impact of graphene oxide nanoparticles and carbon black on the gamma radiation sensitization of acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber seal materials

Abstract

Seals prepared from acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) are primarily used in nuclear services. Nevertheless, at relatively high ionizing radiation doses, NBR seal materials may undergo radiation-induced degradation processes, leading to adverse effects on the sealing ability life. Herein, to strengthen the functional characteristics of NBR seals against radiation, graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and ultraviolet/visible spectroscopies. Various NBR/GO composites fabricated with different ratios of GO nanoparticles and in the presence or absence of carbon black (CB) were investigated via cross-linking density, scanning electron microscopy, XRD, FTIR, and mechanical and thermal stability analyses. The synergistic effect of the simultaneous presence of GO and CB on the NBR seal sensitization to gamma radiation up to a dose of 1 MGy was studied. The physicomechanical properties were enhanced by adding GO nanosheets up to 3 phr and by incorporating 35 phr of a CB with GO until 5 phr. Further, the application of γ-irradiation resulted in an overall enhancement in the mechanical, physical, and thermal stability of the prepared composites up to 0.5 and 1 MGy with GO nanosheets in the absence or presence of CB particles, respectively.The mechanical measurements indicated significant increments by loading with GO nanosheets in the absence and presence of CB as well as by irradiation. The tensile strength elevated up to about 121%, 336%, and 366% by adding 3 phr GO, 3 GO:35 CB phr, and 5 GO:35 CB phr, respectively. K E Y W O R D Sacrylonitrile-butadiene rubber seal, carbon black, gamma radiation, graphene oxide nanoparticles, mechanical and thermal characteristics, synergism

Radioiodination of zearalenone and determination of Lactobacillus plantarum effect of on zearalenone organ distribution: In silico study and preclinical evaluation

“…3, which includes mycotoxins that are not classified as carcinogenic to humans [ 42 ]. The toxicity of ZEN in vivo was studied by many research mostly reported the hazardous effect of Zearalenone on the reproductive systems either in male or female [ 42 ], also there was a specific concern about the lipid peroxidation of membranes which is included in the means by which ZEN exert its toxic action on human [413, another concern was the findings of [ 44 ] who demonstrated the ability of Zearalenone to disrupt liver functions and affect the liver thoroughly to the degree of suppression of cytochrome P450 in the liver results of our work gave clear data about the distribution of Zearalenone in different body organs which in turn could reveal the most susceptible organs that could suffer from Zearalenone/derivatives toxicity [ [121] , [122] , [123] , [124] , [125] , [126] , [127] , [128] , [129] , [130] , [131] , [132] , [133] , [134] , [135] , [136] , [137] , [138] , [139] , [140] , [141] , [142] , [143] , [144] , [145] ]. By examining the beneficial effect of L. plantarum on the organ exposure to Zearalenone/derivatives, results revealed that although the administration of L. plantarum did not significantly alter the accumulation of [ 125 I]-iodo-ZEN in different mice organs and there were observed similarity in the pattern of Zearalenone distribution through different organs yet there was marked reduction in the Zearalenone concentration in the ovary and that was observed from the 1st 5 min of administration, and since the ovaries are considered the most sensitive (target) organ of Zearalenone toxicity that could provide additional benefit for the use of LAB as it was reported to demonstrate anti-inflammatory, anti-genotoxic and improve ovarian fertility [ 45 ], the decline in the accumulation of [ 125 I]iodo ZEN in mice organs may be attributed to the lactic acid bacterial capability to bind and/or alter ZEN to other compound [ 9 ].…”

Graphene in rubber formulations: a comprehensive review and performance optimization insights

“…It is interesting to mention that graphene can be modified by other kinds of methods such as gamma irradiation, 96–99 electrochemical methods, 44,100,101 and heat treatment. 61,102–104…”

Radioiodination, and Biological Assessment of Olsalazine, as a Highly Selective Radiotracer for Ulcerative Colitis Imaging in Mice

“…which is higher than the two radiotracers [ 131 I] iodosulfasalazine and [ 131 I] iodobalsalazide gave 75.5 and 73 % at 24 hours postinjection. according to [111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126]. Therefore, it is clear that (PPAR) antagonist expression levels rise at the onset of the disease, and the radiotracer is anticipated to interact with that receptor, which is strongly expressed in the target organ, ulcerative colitis.…”