Impact of goat milk powdered formulations on mineral absorption, peak bone mass and bone loss due to ovariectomy in rats

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Goat milk is recognised as nutritious, with benefits to growth and skeletal development. The initial aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three different goat milk formulae -a whole milk, a skim milk and a goat milk growing-up formula fortified with pre-and probiotics (Formula 1) -on mineral absorption and retention in rats. The effect of long-term intake of the fortified formula diet on peak bone mass and post-ovariectomy bone loss in rats was then investigated in a follow-up study and was assessed by bone density dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and biomechanical testing of bone ex vivo.

Kefir improves bone mass and microarchitecture in an ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis

“…3). Kruger et al [44] showed that the rats fed the fortified diet had a higher peak bone mass, bone mineral content, and density of the lumbar spine that may be due to fortified milk formulations' improved calcium and phosphorus absorption and retention. Bonjour et al [45] pointed out that consumption of yogurts fortified Fig.…”

The effect of formulated goats' milk on calcium bioavailability in male growing rats

“…Diet 6, containing the highest levels of vegetable oils, had the lowest levels of calcium absorption in the study. Kruger et al 4 using the same mix of vegetable oils found that the diet containing whole goat milk had significantly greater absorption of calcium than the diet containing goat skim milk powder and vegetable oils. They theorized, as did López Aliaga et al ,13 that this is in part due to a higher percentage of the more readily absorbed medium‐chain fatty acids found in goat milk.…”

“…The goat milk protein consisted of three different ratios of 20:80 (diets 1 and 4), 43:57 (diets 2 and 5) or 83:17 (diets 3 and 6) whey:casein. Diets 1–3 had milk fat, whereas diets 4–6 contained a mixture of palm, coconut and soybean oil in proportions used in previous work at this institute calculated to provide a similar fatty acid profile to milk fat 4. All diets had 10 g kg −1 corn oil to prevent essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency.…”

“…Goat milk fat may also contribute to increased calcium absorption. Previous work has indicated greater absorption of calcium with diets containing goat milk fat compared to goat skim milk with added vegetable oils 4. It has been suggested that this is in part due to a higher percentage of the more readily absorbed medium chain‐fatty acids found in whole goat milk 4–6…”

Do Dairy Minerals Have a Positive Effect on Bone Health?

“…A study by Kruger et al. () considered the effect of milk fatty acids and identified that the presence of goat milk lipids in the diet significantly increased the Ca and P content in the body of male rats, from 1.60% to 1.67% and 0.97% to 1.01%, respectively, when compared with control animals after 3 wk of feeding.…”