Impact of gender on access to finance in developing countries

Seema, Nighat; Seyyed, Fazal Jawad; Shehzad, Choudhry Tanveer

doi:10.1080/00036846.2021.1947958

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Additionally, following Seema et al. ( 2021 ), we added a gender equality rating to the model to create a financial inclusion index (based on gender equality) for the first time. The PCA approach reduces the original set of three financial inclusion indicators to a smaller set of composite factors to compute the financial inclusion index.…”

Section: Descriptive Statistics Methodology and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the research of Girón and Kazemikhasragh (2021), we used variables such as number of ATMs per 100,000 adults, number of commercial banks per 100,000 adults, and account ownership at a financial institution. Additionally, following Seema et al (2021), we added a gender equality rating to the model to create a financial inclusion index (based on gender equality) for the first time. The PCA approach reduces the original set of three financial inclusion indicators to a smaller set of composite factors to compute the financial inclusion index.…”

Section: Descriptive Statistics Methodology and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Financial inclusion and education: An empirical study of financial inclusion in the face of the pandemic emergency due to Covid‐19 in Latin America and the Caribbean

Kazemikhasragh

Pineda

2022

Review Development Economics

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Financial inclusion and education contribute to a country's development and economic growth. However, despite the significant efforts being made to increase access to financial products for women, a high percentage still do not have access to and effective use of formal financial services in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. This study analyzes financial inclusion (based on gender equality) in the countries studied using a pooled‐panel ordinary least squares econometric technique. Furthermore, the impact of interactions between the level of study, use of technology, academic degree during the Covid‐19 restrictions, number of credit borrowers, and number of borrowers with the interaction of the restrictions during the health emergency was evaluated employing the Gini coefficient and human development index (HDI). This study confirms that Latin America and the Caribbean countries can increase financial inclusion by changing their social aspects based on gender equality to ease using technology and access to credit. The results of this study are helpful for policy‐makers in formulating and implementing policies that lead to action plans that reverse an exclusionary financial system, promote financial education, and empower women.

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Section: Descriptive Statistics Methodology and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Descriptive Statistics Methodology and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial inclusion and education: An empirical study of financial inclusion in the face of the pandemic emergency due to Covid‐19 in Latin America and the Caribbean

Kazemikhasragh

Pineda

2022

Review Development Economics

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“…A different set of studies have analyzed if female ownership in firms determines access to credit (Aterido et al, 2013; Chaudhuri et al, 2020; Hansen & Rand, 2014; Seema et al, 2021). Interestingly, the studies provide conflicting results.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, the studies provide conflicting results. While the studies like Chaudhuri et al (2020) and Seema et al (2021) established that ownership of firms significantly determine access to credit, and there is more denial for credit for firms that are women-owned than if they are men-owned, Aterido et al (2013) found that applications of loans by firms are neither discouraged nor rejected based on gender of ownership. However, traces of unconditional gender gap are found in terms of usage of credit which might be attributed to demand-side factors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial Inclusion of Women and Gender Gap in Access to Finance: A Systematic Literature Review

Roy

Patro

2022

Vision

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The consistent gender gap in financial inclusion over time is postulated by World Bank Findex data despite an increase in the overall financial inclusion level around the globe. Women’s financial inclusion is significant in line with the promotion of gender equality- one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations. Academic literatures have fragmented studies on women’s financial inclusion and there is a dearth of systematic literature review to comprehend the overall literature landscape in analyzing research gaps. This article is an attempt to conduct a structured systematic literature review to identify factors impacting women’s financial inclusion, the associated gender gap and importance of promoting greater financial inclusion for women. Literature reviews are important to map the existing landscape of a study problem and develop further knowledge. This study reviews 75 peer reviewed articles from 2000 to 2021 and presents the findings in a comprehensive manner following a conceptual model. Synthesized evidence reveal the existence of gendered financial inclusion mainly due to demand side factors. Various socio-economic and cultural factors are also seen to influence women’s financial exclusion. Based on the mapping of existing findings the study suggests future research directions where emerging themes lie in the areas related to digital finance, financial self-efficacy and financial literacy which are important for enhancing women’s financial inclusion.

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“…Moreover, the obstacles they encounter are much more pronounced than those facing their male counterparts (Chaudhuri et al, 2020). Similar to the situation faced by businesswomen in Asia (see Wellalage & Locke, 2017), businesswomen in Africa are far behind men in terms of basic human rights and are much less on an equal footing with men in economic activities (Asiedu et al, 2013;Seema et al, 2021). In addition, the fact that research in Africa is still trying to break the glass ceiling by advocating for equal access to financial resources for male-and female-owned businesses suggests that women are still marginalised in the context of financial services, particularly credit access (cf.…”

Section: Gender and Credit Accessmentioning

confidence: 94%

Deconstructing involuntary financial exclusion: a focus on African SMEs

et al. 2023

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Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) struggle to obtain credit when credit ratings and collateral are used as criteria to assess their credit applications. In the context of Africa, the financial markets have gaping institutional voids, and contextual insights into SMEs’ experiences remain underdeveloped. Drawing on the stakeholder-agency theory of debt financing, this paper advances the scholarly conversation by theorising about how collateral security, collateral security value and the gender of SME owners lead to the involuntary financial exclusion of many manufacturing businesses in Africa. Analysis of the World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES) dataset reveals that collateral security and collateral security value, together with gender biases in Africa’s financial markets, reduce credit access potential. Consequently, SMEs’ perceptions of the likelihood of obtaining credit for business purposes are reduced. Empirical results for 13,783 SMEs across 41 African countries indicate that the motivations to apply for credit also diminish. These observations contribute to entrepreneurial financing and SME research.

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Impact of gender on access to finance in developing countries

Cited by 11 publications

References 42 publications

Financial inclusion and education: An empirical study of financial inclusion in the face of the pandemic emergency due to Covid‐19 in Latin America and the Caribbean

Financial inclusion and education: An empirical study of financial inclusion in the face of the pandemic emergency due to Covid‐19 in Latin America and the Caribbean

Financial Inclusion of Women and Gender Gap in Access to Finance: A Systematic Literature Review

Deconstructing involuntary financial exclusion: a focus on African SMEs

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