Impact of Gelatin Supplemented with Gum Arabic, Tween 20, and β-Cyclodextrin on the Microencapsulation of Turkish Oregano Extract

Abstract

Microencapsulation protects core materials from deteriorating due to environmental conditions, such as moisture or oxidation, and improves the bioavailability of active compounds, allowing one to make solid formulations from oils and increase their solubility. Wall and core material properties determine the microencapsulation efficiency and the best results are achieved when a wall material mixture is used to prepare the microcapsules. In this work, we optimized the wall material composition (gelatin supplemented with gum Arabic, Tween 20, and β-cyclodextrin) of Turkish oregano microcapsules prepared by spray-drying technology to increase the product yield, the encapsulation efficiency, and to achieve narrower particle size distribution. When the wall material solution contained 10 g of gelatin, 7.5 g of gum Arabic, 1.99 g of Tween 20, 1.98 g of β-cyclodextrin, and 20 g of ethanolic oregano extract, the encapsulation efficiency of oregano’s active compounds, rosmarinic acid and carvacrol, were 96.7% and 99.8%, respectively, and the product yield was 85.63%. The physicochemical properties, microscopic morphology, and in vitro release of the prepared microcapsules were characterized in the study. The use of gelatin as the main coating material, in supplementation with gum Arabic, Tween 20, and β-cyclodextrin, not only improved the encapsulation efficiency, but also increased the in vitro release of both main active compounds of Turkish oregano extract—rosmarinic acid and carvacrol.

Preparation and characterization of β‐cyclodextrin–oregano essential oil microcapsule and its effect on storage behavior of purple yam

“…31 However, the encapsulation efficiency value in our study was higher than the values obtained by Abarca et al, who reported a 34.8% encapsulation efficiency of ⊎-cyclodextrin and volatile oil. 32 In addition, the microencapsulation efficiency of 55.14% was lower than the 80.65% reported by Baranauskaite et al 33 The difference in microencapsulation efficiency may be because of the difference in the time and temperature of air drying, as different drying methods have previously been shown to play an important role in the microencapsulation efficiency of essential oils. 34 Morphological characteristics of the microcapsules Scanning electron microscopy photographs of ⊎-cyclodextrin and the microcapsules are shown in Fig.…”

Antiprotozoal Activity of Turkish Origanum onites Essential Oil and Its Components

“…Solid formulation techniques (e.g., microencapsulation, liposomes, nanoparticles) are used for their controlled release and targeted delivery of such hydrophobic oils [57,58,59,60]. Such techniques also address additional issues related to essential oils and their terpenoid constituents (strong odor, taste, evaporation, degradation, and sensitivity to light, air, and temperature) [61].…”

Antioxidants of Natural Plant Origins: From Sources to Food Industry Applications

“…The most common process used is spray drying, due to its low cost, easy scale-up and applicability with a wide range of core and wall materials, delivering the encapsulated materials as a powder with particles generally a few micrometers in size. It has been used, for example, to encapsulate phenolic compounds from spent espresso coffee [110]; olive leaf extracts [138]; citrus by-product extracts [139]; apple fruit peel [140]; pigments from wine by-products [141]; carotenoids from tomato pomace [72]; essential oils from herbs, such as oregano [142,143,144], and lavender [145]; and vitamins [146].…”

“…Extracts from agricultural by-products have shown great potential to be incorporated in packaging materials, with promising results. Baranauskaite and Kopustinskiene [143], prepared chitosan films with an ethanolic mango leaf extract (MLE) having antioxidant properties. When applied as packaging materials for cashew nuts’ storage, fatty acid oxidation was reduced by 56% for the nuts stored with 5% MLE film compared to commercial, non-biodegradable polyamide/polyethylene (PA/PE) films.…”