Impact of excessive gingival display on oral health‐related quality of life in a Southern Brazilian young population

Antoniazzi, Raquel Pippi; Fischer, Luana de S.; Balbinot, Carlos Eduardo Agostini; Antoniazzi, Simone P.; Skupien, Jovito Adiel

doi:10.1111/jcpe.12753

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…The subjective nature of any aesthetic concern makes it difficult to apply universal criteria. In defining EGD, various studies indicate that GD of ≥4 mm is considered unaesthetic by most observers . Therefore, in the present study GD was categorized as ≥4 mm and <4 mm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In defining EGD, various studies indicate that GD of ≥4 mm is considered unaesthetic by most observers. 8,10,12,18,37 Therefore, in the present study GD was categorized as ≥4 mm and <4 mm. All the patients who participated in this study were self-referred and unhappy with the "gummy" appearance of their smiles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EGD/GS, one of several mucogingival deformities and conditions around teeth, 11 can have a negative impact on a person's oral health-related quality of life, including aspects of functional limitation, psychological discomfort and disability, and social handicap. 12 The impact of EGD can be significant enough for some patients to make them seek treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypermobile upper lip is highly prevalent among patients seeking treatment for gummy smile

Andijani

Tatakis

2018

Journal of Periodontology

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Background Excessive gingival display (EGD), or a gummy smile (GS), is a mucogingival deformity that can be of concern to patients. The prevalence of GS etiologies, such as altered passive eruption (APE) and hypermobile upper lip (HUL), has not been reported. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of APE and HUL in patients seeking to correct their GS, and to determine possible prevalence differences among patients with different gingival display (GD) levels. Methods During clinical screening of patients interested in participating in a GS treatment study, GD diagnosis, GD level, and presence of APE and/or HUL were determined. Descriptive statistics were calculated for APE, HUL, and GD group prevalence. Fisher's exact test was used to determine difference in frequency of etiologies between GD groups. Results Fifty‐six patients were clinically screened (27.2 ± 7.2 years old; 85.7% females; 94.6% with GD, 5.4% without GD). Among patients having GD, 75.5% presented with GD≥4 mm and 24.5% with GD<4 mm. Prevalence of etiologies was: 20.8% APE alone, 45.3% HUL alone, and 34% APE and HUL. The prevalence difference between GD≥4 mm and GD<4 mm groups was statistically significant (p<0.0001); for ≥4 mm GD: 5% presented with APE alone, 50% HUL alone, and 45% APE and HUL; for <4 mm GD: 69.2% presented with APE alone and 30.8% HUL alone. Conclusion Among patients seeking GS treatment, HUL is the most predominant etiology and it is often present in combination with APE.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypermobile upper lip is highly prevalent among patients seeking treatment for gummy smile

Andijani

Tatakis

2018

Journal of Periodontology

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“…32 Another study concluded that excessive gingival display affected the smile esthetics and the OHRQoL of young adults. 33 These findings may be justified by the fact that increased gingival volume and gingival exposure are characteristics that are often easier to see compared to color changes caused by gingival inflammation. 33 Color alterations was associated with lower OHRQoL scores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33 These findings may be justified by the fact that increased gingival volume and gingival exposure are characteristics that are often easier to see compared to color changes caused by gingival inflammation. 33 Color alterations was associated with lower OHRQoL scores. This can be explained by the difficulty in distinguishing a healthy gingiva from an unhealthy one through its color.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edema and gingival bleeding in anterior region have a negative influence on quality of life of adolescents

et al. 2018

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The aim of the present study was to verify if clinical signs of gingivitis such as color changes, edema, and bleeding in the anterior region influence the OHRQoL of adolescents. We followed a crosssectional convenience sample of 67 adolescents aged 11 to 16 years receiving dental treatment at the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), in southern Brazil. The participants were evaluated for the following clinical variables: edema, gingival color alteration, and marginal bleeding of the gingival tissues, collected at 6 sites per tooth in the anterior region of the mouth. Socioeconomic variables were collected through questionnaires and OHRQoL was evaluated through the Brazilian version of the Children Perception Questionnaire (CPQ 11-14) short form. A Poisson regression model was used to verify associations between clinical variables and general CPQ11-14 scores. In the unadjusted analysis, edema, color alterations, and marginal bleeding in the anterior region were associated with worse scores of OHRQoL. Edema and marginal bleeding remained associated after adjusting for clinical and sociodemographic variables. Adolescents with higher levels of marginal bleeding and edema in the anterior region had higher mean CPQ11-14 scores. Therefore, the presence of bleeding and gingival edema in the anterior region can be considered clinical signs of gingivitis that are associated with a worse OHRQoL in adolescents.

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Relationship between gingival bleeding and associated factors with reports of verbal bullying in adolescents

Moraes

Knorst

Brondani

et al. 2020

Journal of Periodontology

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Background Dentofacial features are related to increased bullying episodes in young people. The aim of this study was to assess the association between gingival bleeding and reports of verbal bullying among adolescents. Methods This is a cross‐sectional study conducted with a representative sample of 608 12‐year‐old adolescents from southern Brazil. The occurrence of verbal bullying was verified through adolescents' self‐report. Oral health measurements included the presence of gingival bleeding, dental fracture, dental fluorosis, and dental caries experience. Gingival bleeding was assessed through adolescent self‐perception by the following question: “Did you notice any bleeding in your gums?” Demographic, socioeconomic, and psychosocial variables were also evaluated. Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to evaluate the influence of gingival bleeding on the occurrence of verbal bullying. Results are presented as prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results Out of 608 adolescents evaluated, 577 answered bullying questions. The prevalence of self‐reported verbal bullying was 12.8%. Adolescents who presented gingival bleeding had an 80% higher prevalence of verbal bullying than their counterparts (PR 1.80; 95% CI 1.01 ‐3.19). Dental shame, speech difficulties and influence of dental condition on studies also impacted the higher prevalence of bullying. Conclusion Our results suggest that the presence of gingival bleeding negatively impacts the social life of adolescents, causing more episodes of verbal bullying. These findings encourage public health policies aimed at reducing oral health inequities, thus reflecting on the well‐being and quality of life of this target population.

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Impact of excessive gingival display on oral health‐related quality of life in a Southern Brazilian young population

Abstract: The occurrence of EGD exerted a negative impact on OHRQoL independently of confounding variables in this specific population. The present findings justify the planning of treatment for individuals with EGD that impacts quality of life.

Cited by 27 publications

References 41 publications

Hypermobile upper lip is highly prevalent among patients seeking treatment for gummy smile

Hypermobile upper lip is highly prevalent among patients seeking treatment for gummy smile

Edema and gingival bleeding in anterior region have a negative influence on quality of life of adolescents

Relationship between gingival bleeding and associated factors with reports of verbal bullying in adolescents

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