Impact of environmental factors on the emergence, transmission and distribution of Toxoplasma gondii

Yan, Chao; Liang, Li-Jun; Zheng, Kuiyang; Zhu, Xingquan

doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1432-6

Cited by 115 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…According to the effect of seasons on infection with T. gondii, Autumn was recorded the highest rate of infection with significant difference, the present study consistent with the study (22) in China where they revealed that T. gondii was found in 6 (3.33%) samples collected in Autumn and 1 (0.56%) collected in winter, this indicated that seasons might have important impacts on the presence of T. gondii, likewise (23) recorded rising in infection rate during winter and spring than Autumn and summer and referred to that seasonal variation of T. gondii infection in human are remarkably different than animals, also seasonal variation study on pregnant women in France appeared that the maximal risk of infection between end of summer to end of Autumn (24). this may be related to the availability of favorable conditions for oocysts maturation and sporulation to become infective (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Investigate the Toxoplasma gondii infection in the consumed beef in Al-Diwaniyah province

Sakban¹,

A’aiz²

2020

IJVS

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Toxoplasmosis is very important zoonotic disease in the world cause by an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite called Toxoplasma gondii can infect human and all warm-blood animals, beef consider from most important source for infection with T. gondii and there is no really data and study about the rate of the infection in beef in Al-Diwaniyah province, so for this reason the aim of this work was designed. A total of 300 samples which collected from heart, tongue, muscles, of 100 slaughtered beef of local and imported cattle, throughout the period from September 2017 to May 2018, initially examined microscopically for searching on T. gondii bradyzoites then all suspected samples was subjected to conventional PCR technique through B1gene amplification to confirm the infection, in addition to analyzed the recorded data for each sample to determine the effect of some factors on prevalence of infection like organ, season and animal age. Out of 300 tested samples only 53 were confirm positive T. gondii DNA. The infection in local beef was higher (22%) than in imported (13.5%), while there is no difference in infection among different examined organs. Regarding to effect of some factors, the autumn season recorded highest rate of infection with significant differences rather than others seasons in both local and imported beef, whereas, age appears with no effect on infection. The local cattle meat is riskier than the imported due to the higher rate of infection with T. gondii, and the animal age cannot affect on the infection rate, in comparing with the season which play role in this rate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Investigate the Toxoplasma gondii infection in the consumed beef in Al-Diwaniyah province

Sakban¹,

A’aiz²

2020

IJVS

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“…Toxoplasma gondii is distributed worldwide from tropical to arctic ecosystems, with an extensive host range that includes all avian, marsupial and mammalian taxa, including humans, with multiple modes of transmission and persistence (Dubey, 2010). The epidemiology of T. gondii has been altered by anthropogenic activities such as agricultural development (Shwab et al, 2018), landscape modification (Shapiro et al, 2010), climate change (Yan, Liang, Zheng, & Zhu, 2016) and the introduction and spread of free‐roaming domestic cats ( Felis domesticus ) worldwide (De Wit et al, 2017; Shwab et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of diet and habitat predicts Toxoplasma gondii infection rates in wild birds at a global scale

Wilson¹,

Lapen

Mitchell

et al. 2020

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. Abstract Aim: Free-ranging wildlife are valuable sentinels for zoonotic, multi-host pathogens, and new insight into parasite transmission patterns is possible through a macroecological approach. Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan capable of infecting all warmblooded animals, including humans, primarily through a free-living oocyst and/or tissue cyst life stage. Anthropogenic disturbance is facilitating the spread of T. gondii, making it crucial to understand the general ecological and life-history drivers of T. gondii infections in wild birds, which are important intermediate hosts. Our goal was to determine how habitat (terrestrial versus aquatic), dietary trophic level and scavenging behaviour influence the prevalence of T. gondii infection in wild birds at a global scale. Location: Global. Time period: 1952-2017. Major taxa studied: Birds.Methods: Our analysis used the serological, bioassay and molecular prevalence data of T. gondii in avian species compiled from 81 studies conducted worldwide and encompassing 24,344 individuals from 393 avian species from 84 families. Results:We showed that at a global scale, trophic level and habitat interacted significantly to influence T. gondii prevalence in avian intermediate hosts. In the terrestrial environment, T. gondii prevalence increased with trophic level, consistent with predominant tissue cyst transmission. The highest prevalence was in terrestrial omnivores, which might reflect their synanthropic foraging behaviour. In aquatic species, prevalence was more consistent across trophic levels, but high prevalence in aquatic herbivores and insectivores reflects significant waterborne exposure to oocysts.Contrary to our predictions, generalized scavenging per se was not associated with increased prevalence. Main conclusions:This study highlights the value of comparing pathogen prevalence among multiple ecological guilds and ecosystem types for a more comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology of generalist pathogens, such as T. gondii. Increased B I OS K E TCH S U PP O RTI N G I N FO R M ATI O NAdditional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section.We are a group of governmental and non-governmental researchers with a research focus on anthropogenic impacts on wildlife and human health. We adopt a One Health approach to examine zoonotic diseases whose epidemiology is linked to anthropogenic activities, such as urbanization and agricultural activity.

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“…The infection in Central and South America has high prevalence probably due to the high levels of contamination of the environment by oocysts [17]. Accumulated evidence shows that changes in these environmental factors can strongly influence the transmission and distribution of T. gondii, such as rapid urbanization and global warming [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Epidemiology Study of Some Protozoan Parasitic Diseases in Iraq from 2011 Till 2015

Mosa

Mahdi

Abdul-Karim

et al. 2017

JNUS

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Impact of environmental factors on the emergence, transmission and distribution of Toxoplasma gondii

Cited by 115 publications

References 89 publications

Investigate the Toxoplasma gondii infection in the consumed beef in Al-Diwaniyah province

Investigate the Toxoplasma gondii infection in the consumed beef in Al-Diwaniyah province

Interaction of diet and habitat predicts Toxoplasma gondii infection rates in wild birds at a global scale

An Epidemiology Study of Some Protozoan Parasitic Diseases in Iraq from 2011 Till 2015

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