Impact of Electric Bus Charging on Distribution Substation and Local Grid in Warsaw

Zagrajek, Krzysztof; Paska, J.; Kłos, M.; Pawlak, Karol; Marchel, Piotr; Bartecka, Magdalena; Michalski, Łukasz; Terlikowski, Paweł

doi:10.3390/en13051210

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A case study is a method for examining electromobility in public transport systems also used on the World Economic Forum [63] as a leading method for research about using electric buses and implementing smart charging systems. Research similar to ours, based on case studies, was recently made for Poland as a whole country [64,65] and Poland's capital city, Warsaw [66]. Approaches similar to this one (combining case study and KPIs) were used in similar fields of research [67][68][69][70].…”

Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 98%

Transformation of Trolleybus Transport in Poland. Does In-Motion Charging (Technology) Matter?

et al. 2020

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Transport in cities is one of the most important sources of emissions. Electromobility is an essential element in the catalogue of activities of local authorities aimed at combating climate change. Over the years trolleybus transport has been characterised by both phases of development and regression and is still an essential component of zero-emission urban transport in about 300 cities worldwide. The development of electricity storage technology, especially in the form of a battery, has opened up new prospects for this mode of transport. A trolleybus equipped with a battery (in-motion charging technology) gains unique characteristics for operation independent of the catenary. This study presents the approach for assessing the development of in-motion charging for trolleybuses in all Polish cities operating this means of transport. A set of KPIs has therefore, been set and analysed. The analysis covers a comparison between 2014 and 2019, aimed at showing the development of technological innovations in this field. The results clearly show that in-motion charging technology leads to the development of trolleybus transport, although this development has mainly a qualitative dimension. A key factor determining the development of trolleybus transport using in-motion charging technology is progress in the development of traction batteries.

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Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 98%

Transformation of Trolleybus Transport in Poland. Does In-Motion Charging (Technology) Matter?

et al. 2020

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“…It was found that the BEB aggregator has more load flexibility when the number of chargers grows, but in terms of minimizing the economic benefits, it is not significant. The impact of the 18 m BEBs with a battery capacity of 240 kWh on the DSO grid was investigated in [11]. The charging system is a Pantograph-fast-charging with 200 kW of power at Sparta ńska Street in Warsaw, the charging station has a capacitive behavior, the obtained results indicate quite a balanced operation of the grid, and some of the harmonics were compensated in the DSO grid.…”

Section: Research Gapmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The obtained measurements did not reveal any serious exceeding of the supply voltage parameters according to EN 50160 standard. One serious event was recorded, while a bus was charging, the phase voltage values fell below the limit [11]. Although there are several optimization techniques were developed to keep the power within the defined limits to avoid overloading and failure [12], however, the developed charging solutions must be respect PQ defined by the grid operator.…”

Section: Research Gapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact on the Power Grid Caused via Ultra-Fast Charging Technologies of the Electric Buses Fleet

Al-Saadi

Bhattacharyya²,

Tichelen³

et al. 2022

Energies

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Battery Electric Buses (BEBs) are considerably integrated into cities worldwide. These buses have a strict schedule; thus, they could be charged in a very short time with a power level up to 600 kW. The high-power systems and short charging times imply special grid operation conditions that should be taken into account. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of their charging infrastructure on the distribution system operation, especially near the charging point. This work presents two Use Cases (UCs) from two demos (Germany and the Netherlands) to investigate the impact of the slow and fast-chargers’ integrations on the power grid and environment. Fast-chargers up to 350 kW based on pantograph technology and slow-chargers up to 50 kW based on Combined Charging System Type 2 (CCS2) are used on the BEB line route and in the depot, respectively. The charging of BEBs with these solutions is studied here to investigate their impact on the grid in terms of power quality. It was found that the voltage variations due to fast-chargers terminal remain much below the EN50160 standard limit values i.e., ±10%. The obtained maximum Total Harmonic Voltage Distortion (THDv) value is 2.7%, with an average value of 1.3%, which is below the limit value of 8%, as per the standard EN 50160. Similarly, the individual harmonic currents were measured. The maximum value of total harmonic current distortion (THDI) is around 25%, with an average value of 3% only. As the average value of THDI is quite low, the harmonic current pollution is not a big concern for the installation at this time.

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“…It is obvious that the electrification of transport will increase the load demand drastically. The electrification of transport in an unplanned and uncoordinated manner may have a serious impact on the power grid, such as voltage profile deterioration, harmonics, degraded reliability indices, and transformer overloading [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. However, the negative impacts of electric vehicle (EV) charging can be drastically reduced by a suitable energy management strategy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Charging Demand of Electric City Buses of Helsinki, Finland by Random Forest

Deb

Gao

2022

Energies

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Climate change, global warming, pollution, and energy crisis are the major growing concerns of this era, which have initiated the electrification of transport. The electrification of roadway transport has the potential to drastically reduce pollution and the growing demand for energy and to increase the load demand of the power grid, thereby giving a rise to technological and commercial challenges. Thus, charging load prediction is a crucial and demanding issue for maintaining the security and stability of power systems. During recent years, random forest has gained a lot of popularity as a powerful machine learning technique for classification as well as regression analysis. This work develops a random forest (RF)-based approach for predicting charging demand. The proposed method is validated for the prediction of public e-bus charging demand in the city of Helsinki, Finland. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our scheme.

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Impact of Electric Bus Charging on Distribution Substation and Local Grid in Warsaw

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

Transformation of Trolleybus Transport in Poland. Does In-Motion Charging (Technology) Matter?

Transformation of Trolleybus Transport in Poland. Does In-Motion Charging (Technology) Matter?

Impact on the Power Grid Caused via Ultra-Fast Charging Technologies of the Electric Buses Fleet

Prediction of Charging Demand of Electric City Buses of Helsinki, Finland by Random Forest

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