Impact of earthquake-induced-landslides on hydrologic response of a steep mountainous catchment: a case study of the Wenchuan earthquake zone

Qian, Qi; Li, Wei; Fu, Xudong; Yu, Xiao; Xu, Yue‐Ping

doi:10.1631/jzus.a1400039

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(29 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The region is characterized by a subtropical and humid monsoon climate with an average annual rainfall of approximately 1135 mm. The hydrograph is mainly dominated by subsurface flow (Qian & Ran, ), and 80% of the annual rainfall occurs in the flood season of each year (May–October) when flash floods generally occur (Ran et al, ). In this catchment, the elevation ranges from 870 m above sea level (asl) at the outflow channel to 3284 m asl at the headwater watershed.…”

Section: Study Area and Monitoring Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the region was quite close to the epicentre of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, triggering a mass of fractured rock and loose soil distributed on the steep hillslopes along the whole catchment (Ran et al, ; Yu, Caixia, & Amp, ; Zhou & Tang, ). It also further exaggerated the occurrence of secondary disaster chains after the earthquake, such as the catastrophic flash flood–debris flow disaster chain on August 13, 2010 (named “the 8.13 debris flow”) with a total volume of debris materials of about 7.78 × 10 6 m 3 (Xu, Zhang, Li, & Asch, ), severely devastating the large number of artificially constructed structures near the river.…”

Section: Study Area and Monitoring Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Real‐time monitoring and estimation of the discharge of flash floods in a steep mountain catchment

Zhang

Cui

Yin

et al. 2019

Hydrological Processes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Synchronously and accurately estimating the flood discharges and dynamic changes in the fluid density is essential for hydraulic analysis and forecasting of flash floods, as well as for risk assessment. However, such information is rare for steep mountain catchments, especially in regions that are hotspots for earthquakes. Therefore, six hydrological monitoring sites were established in the main stream and tributaries of the 78.3-km 2 Longxi River catchment, an affected region of the Wenchuan earthquake region in China. Direct real-time monitoring equipment was installed to measure the flow depths, velocities, and fluid total pressures of the flood hydrographs. On the basis of field measurements, real-time mean cross-sectional velocities during the flood hydrographs could be derived from easily obtainable parameters: crosssectional maximum velocities and the calibrated dimensionless parameter K h . Realtime discharges were determined on the basis of a noncontact method to establish the effective rating curves of this mountainous stream, ranging from 1.46 to 386.34 m 3 /s with the root mean square errors of ≤10.22 m 3 /s. Compared with the traditional point-velocity method and empirical Manning's formula, the proposed noncontact method was reliable and safe for monitoring whole flood hydrographs. Additionally, the real-time fluid density during the flood hydrographs was calculated on the basis of the direct monitoring parameters for fluid total pressures and water depths. During the flood hydrograph, transient flow behaviour with higher fluid density generally occurred downstream during the flood peak periods when the flow was in the supercritical flow regime. The observed behaviour greatly increased the threat of damage to infrastructure and human life near the river. Thus, it is important to accurately estimate flood discharge and identify for fluid densities so that people at risk from an impending flash flood are given reliable, advanced warning. K E Y W O R D S discharge estimation, flash floods, flow regime, fluid density, real-time monitoring, steep mountain catchment

show abstract

Section: Study Area and Monitoring Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Area and Monitoring Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real‐time monitoring and estimation of the discharge of flash floods in a steep mountain catchment

Zhang

Cui

Yin

et al. 2019

Hydrological Processes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The hydrologic response here can be attributed to integrated run-off generation mechanisms, i.e. the Dunne overland flow and subsurface flow (Ran et al, 2015). Run-off often occurs abruptly after continuous rainfall with unpredictable rising and recessing trends, bringing great difficulties to conduct direct field measurements during a flood event.…”

Section: Experimental Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Application of an automated LSPIV system in a mountainous stream for continuous flood flow measurements

Qian

Tang

et al. 2016

Hydrological Processes

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:An imaging-based automated large-scale particle image velocimetry (LSPIV) system for flash flood monitoring is developed and deployed in a mountainous stream in the Longchi Catchment, Chengdu, China. This system is built from a low-cost Raspberry Pi board-level computer with a camera module, which can acquire continuous images/videos automatically at programmed intervals. The minimum quadratic difference algorithm tracks surface patterns as flow tracers to estimate the distribution of surface velocities. Meanwhile, a stereo imaging-based 'virtual pole' method has been developed to reconstruct the threedimensional topography with a stereo digital camera, and a cross-sectional bathymetry has been generated without manual surveying. The varying water stage and water surface gradient, which are critical parameters that affect image rectification and surface velocity measurements, can also be directly resolved by applying the two imaging modules together. Discharge can then be estimated with the velocity-area method through selected cross sections. A flash flood that occurred between 24 July 2014 and 25 July 2014 is selected for analysis. The water surface level reconstructed from image processing was validated with marked water levels, and a good agreement was found with a root mean square error of 3.7 cm. The discharge recorded during the flood recession process ranged from approximately 3.5 to 27 m 3 /s. The rating curve obtained can be well described by a power function, and the linear regression suggested a Manning's n roughness coefficient of 0.18 of one specific cross section. Some limitations of the presented large-scale particle image velocimetry system are also put forward, and possible solutions are provided for future improvements. With these proposed upgrades, the system can provide valuable datasets of flash floods in steep mountainous streams, which are critically needed for improving our understanding and modelling of many hydrological processes associated with flood generation, propagation and erosion, as well as for real-time forecasting.

show abstract

“…For the hydrograph discharge, sampling tests ensured the accuracy of values such as initial storage, maximum surface storage, and CN values, geographical and climatic factors, potential maximum retention, and maximum vegetation interception proposed in the literature [34,36,38,45]. Based on the method of sensitivity analysis [13], the sensitivity of HEC-HMS simulated flow discharge with four parameters, as presented in Table 4. With the increasing/decreasing parameters from the simulations, the results were simulated as different percentages of discharge relative to the base case, revealing that CN values plus 10% or minus 10% led to a 28% increase and 16% decrease of peak discharge, respectively.…”

Section: Parameter Sensitivity Analysis Of Hec-hmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the distributed hydrological models such as the Hydrologic Engineering Center's Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) [12] and the Integrated Hydrologic Model (inHM) [13], the surface or subsurface hydrologic responses can be simulated. With the surface runoff discharge, two methods, (1) Manning's formula [14][15][16] or (2) Shen's method [17], can be used to calculate the discharge of debris flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Debris Flow Generation Based on Critical Discharge: A Case Study of Xiongmao Catchment, Southwestern China

Gong

Tang

Xiong

et al. 2020

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Generation of debris flows is related to poorly sorted mixtures of soil, catchment topography, and rainfall characteristics. Runoff in a valley resulting from intensive rainfall can induce sediment movement within stream beds or along adjacent banks. The water flow in channels is affected by rainfall parameters such as duration, intensity, cumulative rainfall, etc., and is the key factor in debris movement. In this paper, the rainfall characteristics and occurrence conditions of debris flow in Xiongmao Gully on 26 July 2016 were explored. Using data from field surveys and indoor simulation experiments, evaluations of critical discharge parameters for debris movement were performed. Furthermore, debris distribution and the critical discharge characteristics were analyzed via investigation of the catchment topography and cause of the debris flow, and analysis was made of the critical discharge parameters initiating channel debris movement. A K-value clustering analysis method was applied to characterize the rainfall pattern of the study area and its effects on calculation of debris flow. The results showed that for the debris flow in Xiongmao Gully, the debris initiation in the middle reaches of the gully provided the majority of solid particles for the disaster on 26 July 2016, and the upstream confluent provided catchment. Based on the relationship determined by laboratory tests, the calculated critical discharge was 43.8 m3/s, less than the peak discharge (Qc = 66.7 m3/s) calculated by morphological method. In addition, it was indicated that the dominant rainfall patterns of the studied area were first-quartile and second-quartile, i.e., the rainfall occurred primarily at the early or middle stage of this rainfall event. The critical discharge for the debris flow on 26 July was achieved at 5% rainfall frequency, and the larger runoff volume was generated from a short heavy rainfall. According to specific catchment characteristics, such as distributed hydrological analysis, critical discharge, and rainfall pattern of debris flow, forewarning of a damaging debris flow could be made more effective.

show abstract

Impact of earthquake-induced-landslides on hydrologic response of a steep mountainous catchment: a case study of the Wenchuan earthquake zone

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Real‐time monitoring and estimation of the discharge of flash floods in a steep mountain catchment

Real‐time monitoring and estimation of the discharge of flash floods in a steep mountain catchment

Application of an automated LSPIV system in a mountainous stream for continuous flood flow measurements

Debris Flow Generation Based on Critical Discharge: A Case Study of Xiongmao Catchment, Southwestern China

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About