Impact of Early Sodium Supplementation on Hyponatremia and Growth in Premature Infants

Isemann, Barbara T.; Mueller, Eric; Narendran, Vivek; Akinbi, Henry T.

doi:10.1177/0148607114558303

Cited by 41 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…2). First shown in surgical neonates, but also in those less than 32 weeks at birth, prophylactic sodium supplementation from 7–35 days of life has achieved improved weight gain without increasing adverse events [57, 58]. …”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal consequences of preterm birth

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe developmental origin of health and disease concept identifies the brain, cardiovascular, liver, and kidney systems as targets of fetal adverse programming with adult consequences. As the limits of viability in premature infants have been pushed to lower gestational ages, the long-term impact of prematurity on kidneys still remains a significant burden during hospital stay and beyond.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to summarize available evidence, mechanisms, and short- and long-term renal consequences of prematurity and identify nephroprotective strategies and areas of uncertainty.ResultsKidney size and nephron number are known to be reduced in surviving premature infants due to disruption of organogenesis at a crucial developmental time point. Inflammation, hyperoxia, and antiangiogenic factors play a role in epigenetic conditioning with potential life-long consequences. Additional kidney injury from hypoperfusion and nephrotoxicity results in structural and functional changes over time which are often unnoticed. Nephropathy of prematurity and acute kidney injury confound glomerular and tubular maturation of preterm kidneys. Kidney protective strategies may ameliorate growth failure and suboptimal neurodevelopmental outcomes in the short term. In later life, subclinical chronic renal disease may progress, even in asymptomatic survivors.ConclusionAwareness of renal implications of therapeutic interventions and renal conservation efforts may lead to a variety of short and long-term benefits. Adequate monitoring and supplementation of microelement losses, gathering improved data on renal handling, and exploration of new avenues such as reliable markers of injury and new therapeutic strategies in contemporary populations, as well as long-term follow-up of renal function, is warranted.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal consequences of preterm birth

et al. 2017

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“…An increasing number of studies report an association between asymptomatic chronic hyponatremia in children and serious complications such as sensorineural hearing loss ( 20 ) and defective growth in premature infants ( 21 , 22 ). Premature infants are at greater risk for hyponatremia from high urinary excretion of sodium during the first 2–3 weeks of life ( 23 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyponatremia: An Unusual Presentation in a Neonate With Chromosome 1q21.1 Deletion Syndrome

et al. 2018

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Chromosome 1q21.1 deletion syndrome is associated with a wide variety of clinical features including mild to moderate mental retardation, microcephaly, cardiac abnormalities, and cataracts. We report an unusual case of a premature neonate with persistent hyponatremia, markedly elevated plasma arginine vasopressin level (32.7 pg/mL), and clinical findings consistent with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). The patient, who also had microcephaly and dextrocardia, was subsequently diagnosed with chromosome 1q21.1 deletion syndrome. Further evaluation revealed hypothalamic abnormalities, features not previously described with this syndrome. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SIADH associated with congenital hypothalamic anomalies in a neonate with chromosome 1q21.1 deletion syndrome. We also report our experience using tolvaptan, a vasopressin receptor antagonist, in this patient to effectively maintain eunatremia.

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“…Supplements were chosen based on AAP recommendations and current trends with preterm infants . Supplements were tested in their pure form (no alterations) and in combination with the ready‐to‐feed preterm formulas.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Supplements were chosen based on AAP recommendations and current trends with preterm infants. [7][8][9][10][11] Supplements were tested in their pure form (no alterations) and in combination with the ready-to-feed preterm formulas. Doses were 0.4 mL/1 fl oz formula for saline, 0.3 mL/1 fl oz formula for ferrous sulfate, 0.5 mL/1 fl oz formula for vitamin D, and 0.5 mL/1 fl oz formula for multivitamin.…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Osmolality Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,5,6 In the convalescing preterm infant population, providers frequently supplement and modify the nutrient composition of feedings with additives to enhance caloric density and ensure proper growth and nutrition. [7][8][9][10][11] In addition, modifications to the feeding thickness are frequently used to treat premature infants with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or dysphagia (immature sucking ability, sucking-swallowing-breathing incoordination, aspiration, feeding intolerance). [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] However, thickening feeds also come with risks, such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Additives for Reflux or Dysphagia Management on Osmolality in Ready‐to‐Feed Preterm Formula: Practice Implications

Levy

Osborn

Hasenstab

et al. 2018

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

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Impact of Early Sodium Supplementation on Hyponatremia and Growth in Premature Infants

Abstract: Sodium supplementation of enteral feedings in very premature infants averts hyponatremia and enhances weight gain.

Cited by 41 publications

References 32 publications

Renal consequences of preterm birth

Renal consequences of preterm birth

Hyponatremia: An Unusual Presentation in a Neonate With Chromosome 1q21.1 Deletion Syndrome

The Effect of Additives for Reflux or Dysphagia Management on Osmolality in Ready‐to‐Feed Preterm Formula: Practice Implications

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