Impact of dry eye on work productivity

Yamada, Masakazu; Mizuno, Yoshinobu; Shigeyasu, Chika

doi:10.2147/ceor.s36352

Cited by 97 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Uchino et al reported that DED status is associated with lower work productivity and impaired work performance in relatively young VDT users 27) . Productivity is also significantly lower among those with DED: the annual cost of work productivity loss is estimated to be USD 741 per person 28) . For early identification and treatment of DED and its complications, as well as concomitant diseases, regular visits to an ophthalmologist should be promoted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of dry eye disease in visual display terminal workers during occupational health examinations: The Moriguchi study

Kawashima

Yamatsuji

Yokoi

et al. 2015

Journal of Occupational Health

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253Motoko KAWASHIMA, et al.: Screening of dry eye in visual display terminal workers test are simple, noninvasive, and inexpensive methods for screening DED during occupational health examinations. (J Occup Health 2015; 57: 253-258) Key words: Dry eye disease, Occupational health examination, Ophthalmologists, Quality of life, Screening, Visual display terminal Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial condition causing ocular discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface 1) . Occupational changes such as increased VDT use have raised its prevalence among office workers in Japan. For example, 10.1% of the men and 21.5% of the women in an epidemiological study of Japanese office workers using VDTs were clinically diagnosed with DED; severe symptoms were observed in 26.9% and 48.0% of the male and female subjects, respectively 2). VDT use is a remarkable risk factor for dry eye symptoms 2,3) . The daily duration of VDT use is linearly related to dry eye symptoms 4) . Prolonged use is associated with symptoms such as dryness, ocular fatigue, and visual difficulty, which are reported more often than musculoskeletal pain and mental stress 4) . However, current occupational health examinations for VDT users cover only some dry eye symptoms, and DED screening is not routinely performed 5) . Further, few reports of occupational health examinations focusing on DED have been published 6,7) . The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of DED among Japanese VDT workers and identify simple methods for screening DED during occupational health examinations. The participants completed questionnaires on dry eye and physical symptoms affecting QoL, and their ability to keep their eyes open for 10 seconds was tested for DED screening. They also underwent assessment of conjunctival and corneal vital staining with lissamine green and fluorescein, measurement of tear film breakup time, and Schirmer's test for DED diagnosis. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of the screening methods were assessed. Results: The DED group included 218 (definite, 14; probable, 204) participants. They had markedly high frequencies of 11 dry eye symptoms, especially ocular fatigue (OR, 17.1; 95% CI, 9.9 to 29.7) and dry sensation (OR, 8.2; 95% CI, 3.6 to 18.4), and were more often unable to keep their eyes open for 10 s. With either ocular fatigue or dry sensation as the cutoff criterion, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value were 89.9, 66.9, and 79.7%, respectively. Conclusions: Approximately 60% of the VDT workers were diagnosed with DED on the basis of diverse eye symptoms affecting their ability to work. The dry eye symptom questionnaire and 10-s eye-opening

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of dry eye disease in visual display terminal workers during occupational health examinations: The Moriguchi study

Kawashima

Yamatsuji

Yokoi

et al. 2015

Journal of Occupational Health

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“…27-29 Adverse environmental conditions not only contribute to the progression of dry eye disease, they also are a risk factor for developing dry eye disease in those with predisposing characteristics, such as low tear volume. 7 Therapies to blunt the ocular surface response to these adverse conditions are important in improving comfort, quality of life, and productivity in those with dry eye disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dry Eye Therapies on Environmentally Induced Ocular Surface Disease

Moore¹,

Paiva²,

Pflugfelder³

2015

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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PURPOSE To evaluate the effectiveness of artificial tears and corticosteroids on mitigating the acute ocular surface response to low humidity environments. DESIGN Single-group, crossover clinical trial. METHODS Twenty subjects with aqueous deficient dry eye were enrolled. Subjects meeting inclusion criteria at visit 1 and were exposed to a baseline 90-minute low humidity environment at visit 2. They then used artificial tears for 2 weeks prior to low humidity exposure at visit 3, followed by 0.1% dexamethasone for two weeks prior to the final low humidity exposure at visit 4. Outcome measures included corneal and conjunctival staining, blink rate and irritation symptoms before and after each low humidity exposure. Digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to measure HLA-DR RNA transcripts in conjunctival cells taken by impression cytology at each visit. RESULTS There was significantly less corneal and conjunctival epitheliopathy after the low humidity exposure at visit 4 compared to after the low humidity exposure at visit 3 (p= 0.003). Subjects reported significantly less eye irritation during the low humidity exposure after using the dexamethasone (visit 4) compared to artificial tears (visit 3) (p=0.01). HLA-DR transcripts significantly decreased after the stress at visit 4 (post dexamethasone) compared to visit 2. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates corticosteroid eye drops mitigate the acute adverse effects of an experimental low humidity challenge, likely due to suppression of stress-activated inflammatory pathways. While extended use of corticosteroids is not indicated, other anti-inflammatory therapies with activity against stress-activated pathways may prove as effective.

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“…Among 396 individuals aged ≥20 years, the investigators showed that productivity in the group with self-reported DED was significantly lower than that in the control group (P ‹0.05). The annual cost of work productivity loss associated with DED was estimated to be USD $741 per person 61 . Another cross-sectional, web-based survey administered to 9034 individuals aged ≥18 years using the OSDI and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire 62 showed work productivity loss was related to the severity of DED.…”

Section: The Economic Impact Of Dedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry Eye Disease: Impact on Quality of Life and Vision

Uchino

Schaumberg

2013

Curr Ophthalmol Rep

324

255

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Dry eye disease (DED) is a growing public health concern causing ocular discomfort, fatigue and visual disturbance that interferes with quality of life (QoL), including aspects of physical, social, psychological functioning, daily activities and workplace productivity. This paper assesses the current understanding of the impact of DED on QoL and vision. The full impact of DED on a patient’s QoL is not easily quantifiable, but several methods and techniques have been evaluated to measure the decreased quality of vision from DED, and a number of questionnaires have been developed to quantify the impact of DED on various aspects of patient QoL. We summarize available evidence on the impact of DED based on a review of published literature.

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Impact of dry eye on work productivity

Cited by 97 publications

References 15 publications

Screening of dry eye disease in visual display terminal workers during occupational health examinations: The Moriguchi study

Screening of dry eye disease in visual display terminal workers during occupational health examinations: The Moriguchi study

Effects of Dry Eye Therapies on Environmentally Induced Ocular Surface Disease

Dry Eye Disease: Impact on Quality of Life and Vision

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