Impact of driving style and road grade on gaseous exhaust emissions of passenger vehicles measured by a Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS)

Gallus, Jens; Kirchner, U.; Vogt, Rainer; Benter, Thorsten

doi:10.1016/j.trd.2017.03.011

Cited by 195 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The relatively high NOx emissions for GDI1 over the urban segment and low NOx emissions over the uphill segment could be attributed to the engine combustion strategies associated with this vehicle's driving behavior over different driving conditions (i.e., road grade, start/stop). Our results agree with previous studies that have also shown higher NOx emissions with uphill driving (Gallus et al, 2017;Prati et al, 2015). It was also evident that for the uphill segment of the Mt.…”

Section: Gaseous Emissionssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…A number of studies have been conducted on different types of vehicles using PEMS, including heavy-duty trucks (Mendoza-Villafuerte et al, 2017;Johnson et al, 2009) and light-duty diesel and gasoline cars Khan and Frey, 2018), and off-road equipment (Cao et al, 2016;Cao et al, 2018). Gallus et al (2017) found CO 2 and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions were strongly correlated with driving parameters, showing increases with road grade. Wang et al (2018) reported increases in carbon monoxide (CO), NOx, and particle number emissions at elevated altitude.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On-road gaseous and particulate emissions from GDI vehicles with and without gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) using portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS)

McCaffery

Zhu

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

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Editor: Karl RopkinsThis study assessed the on-road gaseous and particulate emissions from three current technology gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles using portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS). Two vehicles were also retrofitted with catalyzed gasoline particulate filters (GPFs). All vehicles were exercised over four routes with different topological and environmental characteristics, representing urban, rural, highway, and high-altitude driving conditions. The results showed strong reductions in particulate mass (PM), soot mass, and particle number emissions with the use of GPFs. Particle emissions were found to be highest during urban and high-altitude driving compared to highway driving. The reduction efficiency of the GPFs ranged from 44% to 99% for overall soot mass emissions. Similar efficiencies were found for particle number and PM mass emissions. In most cases, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions showed improvements with the catalyzed GPFs in the underfloor position with the additional catalytic volume. No significant differences were seen in carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions with the vehicles retrofitted with GPFs.

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Section: Gaseous Emissionssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-road gaseous and particulate emissions from GDI vehicles with and without gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) using portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS)

McCaffery

Zhu

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Therefore, the average impact of road grade on FC gap can be about 56% if one compares segments with road grades lower than − 1% with segments with road grades above + 1%. Other studies found also significant and comparable impact of road grade on the FC, ~ 80% for road grade change from 0 to 5% [35] and ~ 170% for road grade increase from − 4 to 5% [36].…”

Section: Impact Of Environmental and Traffic Factors Traffic Congestionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Understanding the origins and variability of the fuel consumption gap: lessons learned from laboratory tests and a real-driving campaign

et al. 2020

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Background: Divergence in fuel consumption (FC) between the type-approval tests and real-world driving trips, known also as the FC gap, is a well-known issue and Europe is preparing the field for tackling it. The present study focuses on the monitoring of the FC of a single vehicle throughout 1 year with 20 different drivers and almost 14,000 km driven with the aim to analyze and quantify the true intrinsic variability in the FC gap coming from environmental and traffic conditions and driving factors. In addition, the regression model has been developed to evaluate the importance of these different factors on the FC gap's variability. Results:The 1-year FC gap measured in this study was 29% while driver's averages were in the range from 16 to 106%. The regression model developed had R 2 equal to 90.4 meaning that more than 90% of the FC gap's variance can be explained with this model and factors measured in this study. The results of the model showed that among all factors analyzed the highest contribution in the FC gap's variance is coming from the average vehicle speed (16.6%), followed by the road grade (13.4%), and trip distance (10.1%). Indeed, the highest FC gaps are measured when the average vehicle speeds were below 20 km/h, the average distance-weighted road grades above 1%, and the trip distances below 5 km. In addition, the impact of driver factors is not negligible (25%) and the highest FC gap is measured for the trips where average positive acceleration was higher than 0.7 m/s 2 (indicating aggressive driving) and the electric power demand higher than 800 W. Conclusions:The future lifetime on-board fuel consumption reporting is a crucial instrument that will allow the monitoring of the evolution of the FC gap and ensuring that it does not increase over time. The analysis presented in this study is a basis for setting up a more detailed and refined prediction model, which could assist the European Commission in closely monitoring the gap and the underlying factors generating it.

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“…3. Non-exhaust emissions: These are the particulate emissions due to various road traffic-related processes due to abrasion, driving style and road surface dust [38][39][40]. The most important abrasion processes that result in direct PM emission are tire, brake, clutch and road surface wear [41,42].…”

Section: Running Exhaust Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Electric Vehicle Lifecycle Emissions and Policy Recommendations to Increase EV Penetration in India

2018

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Electric vehicles reduce pollution only if a high percentage of the electricity mix comes from renewable sources and if the battery manufacturing takes place at a site far from the vehicle use region. Industries developed due to increased electric vehicle adoption may also cause additional air pollution. The Indian government has committed to solving New Delhi's air pollution issues through an ambitious policy of switching 100% of the light duty consumer vehicles to electric vehicles by 2030. This policy is based on vehicle grid interaction and relies on shared mobility through the electric vehicle fleet. There are several human behavioral changes necessary to achieve 100% adoption of electric vehicles. This paper reviews different steps in the lifecycle of an electric vehicle (EV), their impact on environmental emissions, and recommends policies suitable for different socio-economic group that are relevant to the Indian market. To reduce air pollution through adoption of electric vehicles, the Indian government needs to adopt policies that increase sale of electric vehicles, increase percentage of renewable energy in the electricity mix, and prevent air pollution caused from battery manufacturing. The recommended policies can be customized for any market globally for reducing air pollution through increased adoption of electric vehicles.

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Impact of driving style and road grade on gaseous exhaust emissions of passenger vehicles measured by a Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS)

Cited by 195 publications

References 12 publications

On-road gaseous and particulate emissions from GDI vehicles with and without gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) using portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS)

On-road gaseous and particulate emissions from GDI vehicles with and without gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) using portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS)

Understanding the origins and variability of the fuel consumption gap: lessons learned from laboratory tests and a real-driving campaign

A Review of Electric Vehicle Lifecycle Emissions and Policy Recommendations to Increase EV Penetration in India

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