Impact of domestic wastewater irrigation on heavy metal contamination in soil and vegetables

Kim, H. K.; Jang, Taeil; Kim, S. M.; Park, S. W.

doi:10.1007/s12665-014-3581-2

Cited by 52 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, several other international studies reported relatively lower levels of zinc in fruits and vegetables compared to the levels found in this study (Altundag & Tuzen 2011;Bagdatlioglu et al 2010;Gebrekidan et al 2013;Hamurcu et al 2010;Lente et al 2014;Osma et al 2012). Higher levels of Zn in fruits and vegetables were reported previously for samples grown in contaminated areas or irrigated with wastewaters (Chopra and Pathak 2015;Kim et al 2015).…”

Section: Zinccontrasting

confidence: 49%

Levels of zinc, copper, cadmium, and lead in fruits and vegetables grown and consumed in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia

Oteef

Fawy

Abd-Rabboh

et al. 2015

Environ Monit Assess

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The levels of four metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb) were evaluated in two fruit types (apricot and fig), a fruity vegetable (tomato), and three leafy vegetables (arugula, spinach, and lettuce) that are commonly grown and consumed in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia. Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry was employed for quantification. The quality of results was checked by a certified reference material (NIST SRM 1570a). Good recovery values in the range of 87-104% were achieved. Metals were quantified in washed and unwashed samples to evaluate the effect of washing. Statistically, no significant difference was noticed (p>0.05), except for Zn in arugula and Cu in apricot and spinach. The levels of metals found in the analyzed fruits and vegetables were in their normal ranges in crops and not posing any serious risks to the consumers in Aseer Region. The toxic elements Pb and Cd were well below the maximum levels set in the Saudi and international food standards. Zn and Cu levels were comparable to the ranges reported in worldwide previous studies.

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Section: Zinccontrasting

confidence: 49%

Levels of zinc, copper, cadmium, and lead in fruits and vegetables grown and consumed in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia

Oteef

Fawy

Abd-Rabboh

et al. 2015

Environ Monit Assess

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“…On the other hand, industrial activities (aquaculture and shrimp farm), municipal waste disposal and agricultural activities, involving irrigation and applications of chemical substances, pesticides and manure, can also be sources of HM (Belmonte-Serrato et al., 2010; Marrugo-Negrete et al., 2017). The problems associated with irrigation systems depend on the quality of the water, which can be contaminated by the main tributary or receive wastewater discharge, providing heavy metals such as Ni, Pb, Cr, Cd, Zn, Cu, Hg, Mn, and Fe (iron), among others (Kim et al., 2015). The application of fertilizers that provide macronutrients (N, P, K) contain impurities of Cd and Pb, which can significantly increase their content in the soil because of regular use since they are fundamental for the growth of the plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of contaminants in agricultural soils in an Irrigation District in Colombia

Andrea

Carolina

José

et al. 2019

Heliyon

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This study evaluated the concentration and distribution of heavy metals (HM) (Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, Hg, and Zn) and pesticides (organochlorine and organophosphorus) and the relationship of these pollutants with the physicochemical properties of agricultural soils in an Irrigation District (ID) in Colombia. Soils samples were analyzed for pH, humidity, organic matter, P total, N total, electric conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity, and texture (% sand, clay and silt). Canonical correlation was used to determined relationship between soil properties and HM. Soil pollution were evaluated with geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (Cdeg) and pollution load index (PLI). The results indicated that, in general, the soils had adequate physicochemical conditions for the establishment and development of crops. The presence of pesticides in the soils was not reported. However, concentrations HM was detected (Zn > Cr > Ni > Pb > Hg > Cd). The soil characteristics (silt, clay, pH and EC) contributed to explain HM concentrations. The Igeo indicated that the soils are heavily contaminated with Hg (3 < Igeo<4). The CF was very high for Hg (>6). The Cdeg presented moderate to considerable variations (>6Cdeg<24). The PLI indicated that the soils are contaminated (1.308). The presence of HM may be associated with the agricultural and quarries activities carried out near the ID. The impact caused by high concentrations of HM can lead environmental, economic and social impacts in the study zone.

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“…Use of wastewater in agriculture, a widespread practice worldwide [13] has the potential for both positive and negative impacts on crop production, public health, and ecology [48], with enormous impacts on the lives of poor communities [49]. Significant volumes of untreated wastewaters are becoming available to local farmers in areas where no other alternatives exist.…”

Section: Confronting Realitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater Confronting Realities for Sustainable Livelihood in Developing Countries: Case Study Mekelle University, Ethiopia

Amare

Kebede

Kloos

et al. 2017

Water Conserv Sci Eng

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Water is becoming a scarce resource in terms of quantity and quality. Water supply enhancement measures are being taken with less attention given to wastewater management, leading to increased discharge of untreated wastewaters. Wastewater is emerging as an affordable and reliable alternative water supply for urban agriculture, supporting thousands of farmers. Extensive use of untreated wastewater for irrigation will without a doubt lead to accumulation of heavy metals in soils and crops, resulting in overwhelming risks to both public health and the environment. This paper deals with determination of the strength and compositions of the wastewater from a public university in the tropical semiarid region for rainy and dry seasons, based on a number of key parameters including heavy metals. Furthermore, it identified the real advantages of treated water use and issues pertaining to untreated wastewaters use for irrigation purposes. An independent t test showed significant differences in concentrations of all the tested metals, excluding lead, copper, and cadmium during dry and wet seasons. Similarly, differences were significant for electrical conductivity, biological oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. Salinity and concentrations of organics, nutrients, copper, cadmium, iron, manganese and to some extent copper exceeded the allowable thresholds for irrigation water. Lead, zinc, nickel and chromium, on the other hand, were lower than their respective limits. Wastewater used for irrigation purposes is unsafe, and urgent policy interventions on the use of untreated wastewater are required.

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Impact of domestic wastewater irrigation on heavy metal contamination in soil and vegetables

Cited by 52 publications

References 24 publications

Levels of zinc, copper, cadmium, and lead in fruits and vegetables grown and consumed in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia

Levels of zinc, copper, cadmium, and lead in fruits and vegetables grown and consumed in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia

Evaluation of contaminants in agricultural soils in an Irrigation District in Colombia

Wastewater Confronting Realities for Sustainable Livelihood in Developing Countries: Case Study Mekelle University, Ethiopia

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