In the past 4 years, incidences of endemic or epidemic respiratory diseases associated with canine influenza H3N2 virus in Asian dogs have been reported in countries such as South Korea and China. Canine species were considered to be the new natural hosts for this virus. However, at the beginning of 2010, influenza-like respiratory signs, such as dyspnoea, were also observed among cats as well as in dogs in an animal shelter located in Seoul, South Korea. The affected cats showed 100 % morbidity and 40 % mortality. We were able to isolate a virus from a lung specimen of a dead cat, which had suffered from the respiratory disease, in embryonated-chicken eggs. The eight viral genes isolated were almost identical to those of the canine influenza H3N2 virus, suggesting interspecies transmission of canine influenza H3N2 virus to the cat. Moreover, three domestic cats infected with intranasal canine/Korea/GCVP01/07 (H3N2) all showed elevated rectal temperatures, nasal virus shedding and severe pulmonary lesions, such as suppurative bronchopneumonia. Our study shows, for the first time, that cats are susceptible to canine influenza H3N2 infection, suggesting that cats may play an intermediate host role in transmitting the H3N2 virus among feline and canine species, which could lead to the endemic establishment of the virus in companion animals. Such a scenario raises a public health concern, as the possibility of the emergence of new recombinant feline or canine influenza viruses in companion animals with the potential to act as a zoonotic infection cannot be excluded.
This study applied molecular-based method to investigate the presence of porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) in 59 commercial pig farms in South Korea. The results of RT-PCR screening on a relatively large collection of faeces samples (n = 681) from January 2013 to March 2015 did not reveal the presence of PDCoV until the end of 2014. However, on March 2015, PDCoV-positive samples (SL2, SL5) were detected from SL swine farm in Gyeongbuk province. The phylogenetic trees based on the complete spike- and nucleocapsid protein-coding genes showed that SL2 and SL5 closely related to the US PDCoV strains rather than those in China. Thought Korean strains of PDCoV isolated in 2014 (KNU14.04) and in 2015 (SL2 and SL5) grouped within US PDCoV cluster, the reconstruction of ancestral amino acid changes suggested that they are different.
Three new lanthanide heterocyclic β-diketonate complexes [Dy(PPI) 3 (EtOH) 2 ] (1), [Dy(PPI) 3 (DPEPO)] (2), and [Tb(PPI) 3 (DPEPO)] (3) [where HPPI = 3-phenyl-4-p r o p a n o y l -5 -i s o x a z o l o n e a n d D P E P O = b i s ( 2 -(diphenylphosphino)phenyl)ether oxide] have been synthesized and fully characterized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that these complexes are mononuclear and that the central Ln III ion is coordinated to eight oxygen atoms that are provided by three bidentate β-diketonate ligands and ethanol or bidentate DPEPO in a distorted square antiprismatic geometry. These complexes have high molar absorption coefficients (up to 3 × 10 4 M −1 cm −1 at 285 nm) and display strong visible and, for Dy III , NIR luminescence upon irradiation at the ligand-centered band in the range 250−350 nm. The emission quantum yields and the luminescence lifetimes at room temperature are 3 ± 0.5% and 15 ± 1 μs for 1, 12 ± 2% and 33 ± 1 μs for 2, and 42 ± 6% and 795 ± 1 μs for 3. Moreover, the crystals of 2 and 3 exhibit brilliant triboluminescence, visible in daylight.
Faraday's induction experiment in a nanometer scale is presented. A nano-transformer with the coupling area of approximately 1 m 2 was fabricated, and the induced open circuit voltage as functions of the frequency and the magnitude of the input bias were measured. Our measured results show that the transformer behaves as a linear ideal transformer with the mutual inductance of 30 nH. This mutual inductance value is orders of magnitude larger than the one expected from 1 m 2 coupling area.
Summary We evaluated the clinical usefulness (leukocyte distribution classification, morphologic classification, and morphologic flags) of the following four hematology analyzers: CELL‐DYN Sapphire (CD‐Sapphire) (Abbott Diagnostics, Santa Clara, CA, USA), ADVIA 120 (Bayer Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY, USA), Beckman Coulter LH 750 (Beckman Coulter, Miami, FL, USA), and Sysmex XE‐2100 (TOA Medical Electronics Co., Kobe, Japan). Four hundred thirty samples from patients and 100 samples from healthy individuals were analyzed. For distributional classification, the sensitivity rates of CD‐Sapphire, ADVIA 120, LH 750, and XE‐2100 were 93.1, 95.9, 94.9, and 94.9%, respectively, and the efficiency rates were 80.7, 81.6, 84.1, and 84.2%, respectively. For morphologic classification, the sensitivity rates of CD‐Sapphire, ADVIA 120, LH 750, and XE‐2100 were 88.6, 93.2, 77.3, and 94.3%, respectively, and the efficiency rates were 80.9, 73.0, 79.5, and 74.2%, respectively. Comparing the findings in different morphologic flags, XE‐2100 showed the highest sensitivity for Blasts flag (90.9%); CD‐Sapphire showed the highest sensitivity for Immature granulocytes and/or Left‐shift flag (85.5%); ADVIA 120 showed the highest sensitivity for Atypical lymphocytes flag (60.0%); and LH 750 showed the highest sensitivity for Nucleated RBC flag (75.0%). Our results demonstrate that the four analyzers are comparable in overall performance.
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