This paper presents an analysis of how humanities scholars use digital collections in their research and the ways in which digital collections could be enhanced for scholarly use. The authors surveyed and interviewed humanities faculty from twelve research universities about their research practices with digital collections and present analysis of the resulting responses. The paper also analyzes a sample of qualitative responses from the Bamboo Technology Project's workshops with faculty, librarians, and technologists about the use and functionalities of digital materials for humanities research. This paper synthesizes these data analyses to propose the critical need for interoperability and data curation in digital collections to increase their scholarly use, and the importance of user engagement in development of digital collections.umanities scholarship integrates the analog with the digital more fully than ever before, as new approaches to humanities scholarship incorporate digital materials, from comprehensive archival projects that require the gathering of materials from around the world to research that uses analytic tools for text mining and social network analysis. This evolution in humanities scholarship emerging from the rise of digital humanities and deeper interdisciplinary orientations for humanities scholars prompt us to ask critical questions about the digital collections that frequently play a significant role in these new scholarly methodologies: specifically, how effectively are digital collections meeting the research needs of scholars, and how should digital collections evolve to sustain and strengthen their value to digital humanities research?This paper presents the results of a study that examines how humanities scholars make use of digital collections and the ways in which digital collections could be enhanced for scholarly research. Through analyses of the survey and interviews of humanities scholars conducted for this study, combined with analyzed responses from focus groups of scholars at the Bamboo Technology Project workshops, this paper argues that libraries, museums, and archives should look beyond discovery