Impact of Dietary Rocket (Eruca sativa) Leaves or Seeds on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Biochemical and Physiological Responses of Oreochromis niloticus, Fingerlings

Abstract

Medicinal herbs have curative powers and are used in making medicines because of their healing properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary graded levels (0, 1, 2 and 3% kgG 1 diet) of both Dried Rocket (Eruca sativa) Leaves (DRL) or Seeds (DRS) on the growth performance, feed utilization, chemical composition of body and physiological parameters of all male monosex Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings for 8 weeks in indoor feeding experiment. A total of 168 fish with average initial body weight 17.14±0.35 g were randomly distributed into eight treatments referred No. T 1 , T 2 , T 3 and T 4 for DRL and T 5 , T 6 , T 7 and T 8 treatments for DRS. Results revealed that T 4 and T 7 were the best treatments which were responsible for the significantly (p#0.05) increased growth performance, feed utilization, chemical composition of the whole fish body, blood hematological and biochemical parameters among all treatments. Dietary DRS gave the best results compared with DRL. Thus, it is recommended that the inclusion of 3% DRL (T 4 ) or 2% DRS (T 7 ) as feed additives of all male monosex O. niloticus are more useful for improving their growth performance, feed utilization, chemical composition of the whole fish body and physiological responses. Dietary treatments:A Basal Diet (BD) was formulated from the local commercial ingredients namely, 22% fish meal, 27% soybean meal, 21% yellow corn, 20% wheat bran, 3% corn oil, 5% molasses and 2% vit. and min premix (each 1 kg premix contains; Vit. A, 12000,000 IU; Vit. D 3 , 3000,000 IU; Vit. E, 10,000 mg; Vit. K 3 , 3000 mg; Vit. B 1 200 mg; Vit. B 2 , 5000 mg; Vit. B 6 , 3000 mg; Vit. B 12 , 15 mg; Biotin, 50 mg; Folic acid 1000 mg; Nicotinic acid 35000 mg; Pantothenic acid 10,000 mg; Mn 80 g; Cu 8.8 g; Zn 70 g; Fe 35 g; I 1 g; Co 0.15 g and Se 0.3 g). However, the BD proximate chemical analysis (% on dry matter basis) was 89.89% Dry Matter (DM), 30.13% Crude Protein (CP), 4.42% ether extract, 11.91% ash, 53.54% total carbohydrate, 426.2 kcal 100/g DM Gross Energy (GE) and 70.69 mg CP kcalG 1 GE, P/E ratio.The ingredients and additives (leaves and seeds of E. sativa), were bought from the local market. The leaves and seeds of E. sativa were cleaned and shade-dried in a drying oven at 50°C for 72 h. DRL and DRS were milled into fine particle size (<250 μm) and kept in a dry, air-tight transparent plastic container. Feed ingredients were ground and the different ingredients mixed manually, then the experimental diets were pressed by manufacturing machine (pellets size 1 mm). Fish fed the diets at a rate of 3% of their live body weight daily, six days a week. Experimental diets were introduced manually twice daily, at 8.00 am and 14.00 pm. The amount of food was adjusted bi-weekly based on the actual body weight changes.

Effect of Psidium guajava and Phyllanthus acidus Leaf Extract on Immunostimulant Response of Nile Tilapia Against Streptococcus agalactiae Infection

“…Polyphenols, alkaloids, glycosides, and sugar reduction could also be responsible for increased WBC (Antai et al, 2009). The results of the present study agreed with some previous reports that highlighted significant increase in hematological indices in Nile tilapia fed garlic (Supa-aksorn et al, 2017), aloe , and rocket (Khalil et al, 2015). The results of hematological parameters reveal that supplementation of plant extracts acts as an immunostimulant.…”

The Role of Rocket (Eruca sativa) as Dietary Supplementation to Enhance Fish Nutrition and Health: A Review

“…Ali [18] found that the addition of 4% of Rocket seeds as fodder supplements to the Nile tilapia broodstock herd improved growth performance, food utilization, reproductive performance, and egg production. Khalil and Refaey [17] found that adding 2% Rocket seeds and 3% Rocket leaves improved the characteristics of final weight, total and daily weight gain, and food utilization above all other experimental treatments. While the addition had no influence on the survival rate.…”

“…Where a number of studies, in their investigation of the chemical composition of the body, saw a rise in ash content proportional to the amount of Rocket seed powder [67]. When given a diet containing 3 percent Rocket grains and leaves, the crude protein and energy content of monosexual Nile tilapia fingerlings rose, whereas the ether and ash extract dropped [17]. With the addition of Rocket seed powder to the diet of Nile tilapia, the percentages of dry matter, crude protein, and ether extract rose by 0.4% and 0.5%, respectively, while the percentage of ash dropped [70].…”

Long- term safety of Eruca sativa leaf ethanolic extract on Male Rats

“…Furthermore, ESLE stimulate the activity and secretion of pancreatic enzymes which stimulate the digestion of proteins, fat and cellulose(Jamroz and Kmel 2002;Botsoglou et al 2002). In addition the chemical components and mineral content of ESLE which stimulates the metabolic process which keep animal healthy(Khalil et al 2015;Tassi et al 2018). On the other hand, the decrease in the % body weight gain at 6g /kg may be attributed to high level of glucosinolates which lead to antinutrional effect, reduce protein digestibility and food consumption(Bjerg et al 1989) and/or decrease thyroid hormone production which lead to loss of weight(Felker et al 2016;Li et al 2020).…”