Impact of dietary intake, education, and physical activity on bone mineral density among North Indian women

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine the relationship of dietary nutrients and bone mineral density (BMD) in North Indian women. This cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2006 to March 2008. Subjects included 255 healthy women, aged 20-69 years, who were relatives of patients being admitted in the hospital. Various demographic characteristics including socioeconomic status and serum parameters in relationship to BMD were evaluated. In addition, the daily dietary intake of energy, protein, fat, and calcium and the amount of physical activity were assessed. BMD at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and Ward's triangle was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and educational level were positively correlated with BMD. The daily intakes of energy (1563.4 +/- 267.2 kcal) and protein (48.7 +/- 8.7 g) were below the recommended dietary allowance. Daily dietary energy, protein, and calcium intakes were correlated with BMD at the lumbar spine. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses showed that age, BMI, and physical activity were significant predictors for BMD at all sites. In addition, energy intake was also a predictor for BMD at the lumbar spine. The protein intake was associated with BMD at the spine (P = 0.02 and beta = 0.163) even after making adjustments for energy intake. Thus, dietary pattern coupled with higher education levels and greater physical activity favored bone health.

Calcium intake and osteoporosis: the influence of calcium intake from dairy products on hip bone mineral density and fracture incidence – a population-based study in women over 55 years of age

“…The only correlation we observed, that between cottage cheese consumption and BMI, could have been attributed to the general observation that individuals with lower BMI consume more cottage cheese, also confirmed by other researchers (43) . In the present group of females, correlations were observed between Ca intake from various dairy sources and BMD that corresponded to the results of other authors, claiming similar correlations between Ca intake and BMD (39,44,45) . In contrast, the observed negative correlation between Ca intake from dairy dishes and total hip BMD score is rather difficult to explain.…”

“…According to other authors, the daily Ca intake of postmenopausal women is significantly lower than that of premenopausal women (39) and the proportion of women with low Ca intake rises with age (26,37) . However, the character of the relationship is not obvious, as other authors report lower Ca inadequacy in women above 75 years of age (36) , probably associated with higher intake of Ca supplements (14) .…”

Search for Promotion Factors of Ultrasound Bone Measurement in Japanese Males and Pre/Post-Menarcheal Females Aged 8-14 Years

“…Regarding the relationship between vitamin B1 intake and bone growth, no report has been found. However, there are some reports (29,30) that show a positive association between energy intake and bone mass, though energy intake was excluded from the independent variables to avoid collinearity in our study. Vitamin B1 acts as a cofactor for the metabolism of carbohydrates, helping to turn starch and sugar into the energy our bodies need.…”

Bioavailable 25(OH)D but Not Total 25(OH)D Is an Independent Determinant for Bone Mineral Density in Chinese Postmenopausal Women

“…Epidemiological studies have identified age, sex, body weight, body mass index (BMI), living habits, dietary factors (including calcium, vitamin D, caffeine and alcohol etc. ), physical activity levels, and genetic variations might influence the individual BMD status (Kumar et al, 2010, Waugh et al, 2009, Karasik et al, 2016, Nguyen et al, 2000). Intervention strategies that have been developed based on these findings may increase the BMD and subsequently reduce osteoporosis or risks of fragility fractures have been widely recommended by clinical physicians.…”