Impact of Cyclonic Ocean Eddies on Upper Ocean Thermodynamic Response to Typhoon Soudelor

Ning, Jue; Xu, Qing; Zhang, Han; Wang, Tao; Fan, Kaiguo

doi:10.3390/rs11080938

Cited by 32 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…In the regions around the Northwest Pacific, TCs with maximum wind speeds greater than 32.7 m/s are usually referred to as typhoons. The response of ocean to a tropical cyclone is dramatic and not only impacts the local ocean environment [1][2][3][4], global ocean heat transport [5][6][7], and kinetic energy budget [8][9][10], but also changes the development of the tropical cyclone itself through TC-ocean feedbacks [11][12][13][14]. The response is indeed a hot topic in the study of the atmosphere and oceans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TC-induced near-inertial current enhances the velocity shear in the mixed layer [31], deepens the mixed layer, cools sea surface, and warms subsurface [6,7]. The sea surface temperature (SST) cooling was usually by 1-6 • C [2,4,[31][32][33][34][35], and by more than 10 • C in some extreme cases [36,37]. Owing to the rightward (or leftward) bias of the current response, the temperature response is also usually biased to the right side (or left side) of the TC track in the Northern (or Southern) Hemisphere [15,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ocean Response to Successive Typhoons Sarika and Haima (2016) Based on Data Acquired via Multiple Satellites and Moored Array

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2019

Remote Sensing

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Tropical cyclones (TCs) are natural disasters for coastal regions. TCs with maximum wind speeds higher than 32.7 m/s in the north-western Pacific are referred to as typhoons. Typhoons Sarika and Haima successively passed our moored observation array in the northern South China Sea in 2016. Based on the satellite data, the winds (clouds and rainfall) biased to the right (left) sides of the typhoon tracks. Sarika and Haima cooled the sea surface ~4 and ~2 °C and increased the salinity ~1.2 and ~0.6 psu, respectively. The maximum sea surface cooling occurred nearly one day after the two typhoons. Station 2 (S2) was on left side of Sarika’s track and right side of Haima’s track, which is studied because its data was complete. Strong near-inertial currents from the ocean surface toward the bottom were generated at S2, with a maximum mixed-layer speed of ~80 cm/s. The current spectrum also shows weak signal at twice the inertial frequency (2f). Sarika deepened the mixed layer, cooled the sea surface, but warmed the subsurface by ~1 °C. Haima subsequently pushed the subsurface warming anomaly into deeper ocean, causing a temperature increase of ~1.8 °C therein. Sarika and Haima successively increased the heat content anomaly upper than 160 m at S2 to ~50 and ~100 m°C, respectively. Model simulation of the two typhoons shows that mixing and horizontal advection caused surface ocean cooling, mixing and downwelling caused subsurface warming, while downwelling warmed the deeper ocean. It indicates that Sarika and Haima sequentially modulated warm water into deeper ocean and influenced internal ocean heat budget. Upper ocean salinity response was similar to temperature, except that rainfall refreshed sea surface and caused a successive salinity decrease of ~0.03 and ~0.1 psu during the two typhoons, changing the positive subsurface salinity anomaly to negative

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean Response to Successive Typhoons Sarika and Haima (2016) Based on Data Acquired via Multiple Satellites and Moored Array

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2019

Remote Sensing

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“…During the passage of a TC, the strong wind stress could typically produce intense oceanic entrainment and upwelling [2][3][4], which leads to physical and biological responses of the upper ocean. Sea surface temperature (SST) decrease, the most striking phenomenon, is usually observed in the range of 1-9 • C with stronger cooling to the right side of a TC's track [5][6][7][8][9]. The sea surface cooling has a negative feedback to a TC by suppressing the TC development in turn [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Owing to the complex pre-TC conditions of different regions, the responses of the upper ocean in these regions are well worth studying in detail. Although the upper ocean response to a single TC has been commonly focused on [6][7][8][9][17][18][19][20], inadequate attention is paid to how sequential TCs affect the upper ocean from both physical and biological aspects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper Ocean Response to Two Sequential Tropical Cyclones over the Northwestern Pacific Ocean

Ning

Feng

et al. 2019

Remote Sensing

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The upper ocean thermodynamic and biological responses to two sequential tropical cyclones (TCs) over the Northwestern Pacific Ocean were investigated using multi-satellite datasets, in situ observations and numerical model outputs. During Kalmaegi and Fung-Wong, three distinct cold patches were observed at sea surface. The locations of these cold patches are highly correlated with relatively shallower depth of the 26 °C isotherm and mixed layer depth (MLD) and lower upper ocean heat content. The enhancement of surface chlorophyll a (chl-a) concentration was detected in these three regions as well, mainly due to the TC-induced mixing and upwelling as well as the terrestrial runoff. Moreover, the pre-existing ocean cyclonic eddy (CE) has been found to significantly modulate the magnitude of surface cooling and chl-a increase. With the deepening of the MLD on the right side of TCs, the temperature of the mixed layer decreased and the salinity increased. The sequential TCs had superimposed effects on the upper ocean response. The possible causes of sudden track change in sequential TCs scenario were also explored. Both atmospheric and oceanic conditions play noticeable roles in abrupt northward turning of the subsequent TC Fung-Wong.

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“…Furthermore, our previous works (e.g., [2,50,[88][89][90][91][92][93]) indicate thatoceanic thermohaline and dynamic features play an important role in upper ocean response to a single or sequential typhoons based on multiple observation data and model simulations. However, these works were mainly in the marginal sea (the South China Sea) and we may further follow the study of this paper, and study how some special topographic features such as with many islands or straits influences the structure of the oceanic response to typhoons in the future.…”

Section: Future Workmentioning

confidence: 96%

Response of Coastal Water in the Taiwan Strait to Typhoon Nesat of 2017

Yang

Tian

et al. 2019

Water

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The oceanic response of the Taiwan Strait (TWS) to Typhoon Nesat (2017) was investigated using a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean-wave model (COAWST) verified by observations. Ocean currents in the TWS changed drastically in response to significant wind variation during the typhoon. The response of ocean currents was characterised by a flow pattern generally consistent with the Ekman boundary layer theory, with north-eastward volume transport being significantly modified by the storm. Model results also reveal that the western TWS experienced the maximum generated storm surge, whereas the east side experienced only moderate storm surge. Heat budget analysis indicated that surface heat flux, vertical diffusion, and total advection all contributed to changes in water temperature in the upper 30 m with advection primarily affecting lower depths during the storm. Momentum balance analysis shows that along-shore volume acceleration was largely determined by a combined effect of surface wind stress and bottom stress. Cross-shore directional terms of pressure gradient and Coriolis acceleration were dominant throughout the model run, indicating that the effect of the storm on geostrophic balance was small. This work provides a detailed analysis of TWS water response to typhoon passage across the strait, which will aid in regional disaster management.

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Impact of Cyclonic Ocean Eddies on Upper Ocean Thermodynamic Response to Typhoon Soudelor

Cited by 32 publications

References 48 publications

Ocean Response to Successive Typhoons Sarika and Haima (2016) Based on Data Acquired via Multiple Satellites and Moored Array

Ocean Response to Successive Typhoons Sarika and Haima (2016) Based on Data Acquired via Multiple Satellites and Moored Array

Upper Ocean Response to Two Sequential Tropical Cyclones over the Northwestern Pacific Ocean

Response of Coastal Water in the Taiwan Strait to Typhoon Nesat of 2017

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