Impact of Cryopreservation on Spermatozoa Freeze-Thawed Traits and Relevance OMICS to Assess Sperm Cryo-Tolerance in Farm Animals

Abstract

Sperm cryopreservation is a powerful tool for the livestock breeding program. Several technical attempts have been made to enhance the efficiency of spermatozoa cryopreservation in different farm animal species. However, it is well-recognized that mammalian spermatozoa are susceptible to cryo-injury caused by cryopreservation processes. Moreover, the factors leading to cryo-injuries are complicated, and the cryo-damage mechanism has not been methodically explained until now, which directly influences the quality of frozen–thawed spermatozoa. Currently, the various OMICS technologies in sperm cryo-biology have been conducted, particularly proteomics and transcriptomics studies. It has contributed while exploring the molecular alterations caused by cryopreservation, identification of various freezability markers and specific proteins that could be added to semen diluents before cryopreservation to improve sperm cryo-survival. Therefore, understanding the cryo-injury mechanism of spermatozoa is essential for the optimization of current cryopreservation processes. Recently, the application of newly-emerged proteomics and transcriptomics technologies to study the effects of cryopreservation on sperm is becoming a hotspot. This review detailed an updated overview of OMICS elements involved in sperm cryo-tolerance and freeze-thawed quality. While also detailed a mechanism of sperm cryo-injury and utilizing OMICS technology that assesses the sperm freezability potential biomarkers as well as the accurate classification between the excellent and poor freezer breeding candidate.

Molecular mechanisms of growth depression in broiler chickens (Gallus Gallus domesticus) mediated by immune stress: a hepatic proteome study

“…Proteomics represents a new strategy to delineate the molecular basis of the physiological changes in the liver during chicken growth [ 18 , 19 ]. This approach determines the differential patterns of protein abundance and has been used to demonstrate their functional relationships to external factors [ 20 , 21 ]. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection is a classical model for inducing immune stress in broiler chickens [ 7 , 10 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Sperm Selection Procedures for Optimizing the Outcome of ICSI in Patients with NOA

“…Regarding the inconsistencies between results, a methodological analysis evaluating the success of TESE results in men with NOA emphasized the current lack of knowledge, especially regarding the quantity and quality of sperm retrieved [ 217 ]. Recently, OMICS technologies such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, in combination with advanced bioinformatics technology (e.g., Illumina RNA sequencing, high-throughput next-generation sequencing, multiplexed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays), have provided an extensive opportunity for research on how cryopreservation affects sperm structure and function [ 218 ]. Nevertheless, no matter how few sperm can be retrieved, it has been suggested that cryopreservation should be considered as a feasible method in every surgical sperm retrieval case [ 148 ].…”

Current perspectives on ruminant sperm freezability: Harnessing molecular changes related to semen quality through omics technologies

“…During cryopreservation, the successive processes of temperature reduction, cell dehydration, freezing, storage, and finally thawing expose sperm to cryoinjuries, which affect cryosurvival (Ugur et al, 2019). These are generated, at least in part, by osmotic shock caused by solution effects on cell volume, mechanical disruptions from intracellular ice crystal formation, and thermal challenges from cold shock (Khan et al, 2021;Khalil et al, 2018). Deleterious changes to sperm architecture and functions (Figure 1) result from Vet Integr Sci Vet Integr Sci Salinas et al Vet Integr Sci.…”

“…The advent of functional genomics (lipidomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics) and epigenomics (chromatin dynamics and DNA methylation) (Khan et al, 2021;Peris-Frau et al, 2020;Ugur et al, 2019) revolutionized our current understanding of the complexities of reproductive biology, particularly that of sperm physiology. These have brought us closer than ever in elucidating the molecular changes in frozen-thawed spermatozoa relative to semen quality, as well as in unraveling the molecular factors involved in freezability differences, which were the main highlights of this review.…”