Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic and Human Development

Abstract

In all countries, but especially those with low and middle incomes, there is concern regarding the effects of the pandemic on the most impoverished populations. These population groups have difficulties in adopting preventive measures (such as social isolation); they are exposed to a context of pragmatic vulnerability that increases the risk of contamination, and, if infection occurs, they have limited access to health services. It is a complex, dynamic context that requires special attention from governments.These conditions in which people live and express, to a greater or lesser extent, the risk of illness are called social determinants of health (SDH). Identifying the SDH that influences the dynamics of COVID-19 is of fundamental importance for dealing with the pandemic and its consequences, thus contributing to the definition of mitigating public policies.The Human Development Index and the Social Vulnerability Index are essential sources for studying the SDH. They help understand the context of the population's living conditions and thus support decision-making. The SVI measures the access, absence, or insufficiency of some assets in areas of the country's territory, which should, in principle, be available to every citizen due to the action of the State. The SVI varies from 0 to 1; the closer to 1, the greater the degree of social vulnerability. Based on this, our health policymakers should understand the relationship between COVID-19 and the population's living conditions to identify the SDH related to the incidence, mortality, and case-fatality rates of COVID-19.COVID-19 currently represents the leading global health, social, and economic challenges. In Bangladesh, the disease spread started in the country's most developed cities in early 2020. It has spread throughout the territory without delay, reaching smaller and more vulnerable areas whose populations are exposed to a chronic and historical context of social deprivation. This process of spatial dissemination justifies the complex influence of SDH on the spread of the virus across the country.But the 2 nd wave with the Delta variant of Covid-19 virus mainly spread