Impact of COVID-19 on the indigenous population of Brazil: A geo-epidemiological study

Abstract

SUMMARYThis study aimed to analyze the geographical distribution of COVID-19 and to identify highrisk areas for the occurrence of cases and deaths from the disease in the indigenous population of Brazil. This is an ecological study whose units of analysis were the Special Indigenous Sanitary Districts. Cases and deaths by COVID-19 notified by the Special Secretariat for Indigenous Health between March and October 2020 were included. To verify the spatial association, the Getis-Ord General G and Getis-Ord Gi * techniques were used. High spatial risk clusters have been identified by the scan statistics technique. 32,041 cases of COVID-19 and 471 deaths were reported. The incidence and mortality rates were between 758.14 and 18530.56 cases and 5.96 and 265.37 deaths per 100 thousand inhabitants, respectively. The non-randomness of cases (z-score = 5.40; p <0.001) and deaths (z-score = 3.83; p <0.001) was confirmed. Hotspots were evidenced for both events with confidence levels of 90, 95 and 99% concentrated in the North and Midwest regions of the country. Eight high-risk spatial clusters for cases with a relative risk (RR) between 1.08 and 4.11 (p <0.05) and two risk clusters for deaths with RR between 3.08 and 3.97 (p <0.05) were identified. The results indicate critical areas in the indigenous territories of Brazil and contribute to better targeting the control actions of COVID-19 in this population.

Spatial Clustering Analysis of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of the Fourth Wave in Vietnam

“…Several studies (Alves et al 2021;Liu et al 2021;Nguyen and Vu 2019b) have computed the Getis-Ord's G * i statistic with the help of ArcGIS software using Getis z-scores defined in a study by Mitchel (2005). If provinces/cities with 1.65<Getis z-scores<1.…”

Consequências e agravantes de saúde evidenciados pela COVID-19 em populações indígenas brasileiras: uma revisão integrativa

“…Dados notificados pelos Distritos Sanitários Especiais Indígenas (DSEI) apontaram que, entre março e outubro de 2020, as etnias que mais correram risco de contaminação e morte pela COVID-19 foram aquelas alocadas na região dos DSEIs Kaiapó do Pará, Altamira, Cuiabá, Kaiapó do Mato Grosso e Rio Tapajós; o que, em suma, abrange as regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste do país(Alves et al, 2021).…”