Impact of Conservation Tillage on Soil Organic Carbon and Physical Properties –a Review

Sharma, P. C.; Abrol, Vinayak; Sharma, Kamal Ravi; Sharma, Neetu; Phogat, V.; Vikas, Vishaw

doi:10.23910/ijbsm/2016.7.1.1387

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Plant root exudates may act as the primary mechanism to enhance the percentage of stable aggregate (Burri et al, 2009). Ghosh et al (2019) and Sharma et al (2016) reported that plant roots also help to physically reinforce particle contacts in the soil, which improves aggregate stability. In our experiment, CT involved field operations such as seedbed preparation with six passes of tyne cultivator, which might have caused soil compaction leading to an increase in ρ b , thus reducing soil porosity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variation of saturated and near‐saturated soil hydraulic conductivity and water‐conducting macroporosity in a maize‐wheat rotation under conventional and conservation tillage practices

et al. 2022

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Knowledge of temporal variation of soil hydraulic properties (SHPs) is crucial to understand soil physical behaviour under different tillage practices. The objective of this study was to assess the variation of saturated and near‐saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (NSHC) and water‐conducting macroporosity (Ɛ) under long‐term (09 years) tillage regimes viz. zero tillage (ZT), conventional tillage (CT), and minimum tillage (MT) in a rain‐fed maize‐wheat crop rotation (RMWC) in the North‐West Himalayas, India (NWHI). A hood infiltrometer (HI) was used to measure the steady‐state water flux (q) at 0, −10, and −30 mm pressure head (PH) after harvesting of maize and over two wheat cropping seasons for each treatment. The infiltration data were analyzed in terms of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity k(h), field saturated hydraulic conductivity (ks), water‐conducting macroporosity (Ɛ). The results showed that the seasonal effects on ks, k(h), and Ɛ values were significantly different (p ≤0.05) for tilled treatments (CT and MT). In contrast, no significant difference (p ≤0.05) was found for untilled treatment (ZT). Significantly higher (p ≤0.05) ks, k(h), and Ɛ values were observed in ZT than CT and MT, associated with higher SOC and lower ρb values. A multivariate analysis of variance of the ks showed a highly significant difference (p ≤0.01) with both time and tillage treatments. Overall, a significant improvement of hydraulic conductivity characteristics was observed during the wheat‐growing seasons compared with the maize harvest season. The temporal dynamics of SHPs under different tillage regimes indicate that ZT can be a suitable tillage practice for reducing runoff and soil loss in monsoon maize and winter wheat cropping system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variation of saturated and near‐saturated soil hydraulic conductivity and water‐conducting macroporosity in a maize‐wheat rotation under conventional and conservation tillage practices

et al. 2022

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“…However, literature has contrasting reports on PR and BD under no-till. Some studies reported a stable or higher PR and BD on no-till especially at the 0-10 cm layer (Jabro et al, 2011;Malecka et al, 2012;Villamil et al, 2015;Sithole et al, 2016), whilst others observed the opposite (Malecka et al, 2012;Sharma et al, 2016). However, data from some long-term studies indicate a shift on bulk density as years progress.…”

Section: Fertilizer and Tillage E Ects On Soil Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

No-till improves selected soil properties, phosphorous availability and utilization efficiency, and soybean yield on some smallholder farms in South Africa

Nciizah¹,

Wakindiki²,

Mudau³

et al. 2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Some of the limiting factors for smallholder farmer soybean production in South Africa are low native soil phosphorus (P) availability and poor utilization efficiency of added P. Phosphorus fertilization, use of improved or high yield potential cultivars and appropriate cropping systems could increase soybean yields. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of tillage, cultivar and P fertilization levels on P uptake and P use efficiency, as well as plant growth, yield, grain protein and oil content, in a soybean based cropping system. The study was conducted under dryland conditions at Sheepmoor, Mpumalanga. A field experiment was established in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 × 3 strip-split-plot structure. There were two tillage systems [no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT)], three cultivars (PAN 1614R, PAN 1521R, and PAN 1532R), and three phosphorus rates (0, 30, and 60 kg/ha). All treatment combinations were replicated three times. P uptake improved with P application, although there were no differences between 30 and 60 kg/ha whilst PFP was significantly higher at 30 kg/ha P. Yield was significantly higher at 30 kg/ha P application under NT and varied with cultivars. P application at 30 and 60 kg/ha significantly reduced oil content by 11.3 and 7.16%, respectively, but had inverse effects on protein content. The activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) also increased with P application. Improvement of soybean yield and its attributes, grain quality, P uptake, PFP, soil physicochemical and microbial properties emphasize the importance of fertilizer application, sustainable cropping systems coupled with careful cultivar selection. Therefore, in order to improve soil fertility and soybean yield under small farm conditions, the application of no-till and optimum application of fertilizers should be prioritized.

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“…CA generally enhances the soil physical properties and associated processes, especially soil water infiltration and storage, soil aeration, soil structure, and porosity, regardless of soil types (Dalal and Bridge, 1996;Bronick and Lal, 2005). Also, it also reduces soil erosion, compaction, crusting, and moderates soil-hydrothermal regimes for crop growth (Acharya and Sharma, 1994;Acharya et al, 2005;Bhattacharyya et al, 2006;Sharma et al, 2016;Das et al, 2013Das et al, , 2014Patil et al, 2016;Hati et al, 2015a;Somasundaram et al, 2019). It leads to better soil physical environment that promotes root growth, nutrient recycling, and SOC sequestration (West and Post, 2002;Blanco-Canqui and Lal, 2004;Baker et al, 2007;Somasundaram et al 2017;.…”

Section: Effects Of Ca On Soil Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

No-Till Farming and Conservation Agriculture in South Asia – Issues, Challenges, Prospects and Benefits

Somasundaram

Sinha

Dalal

et al. 2020

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

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Of late, intensive farming for higher food production is often associated with many negative implications for soil systems, such as decline of soil organic matter (SOM), increase in risks of soil erosion by wind and/or water, decline in soil biological diversity, increase in degradation of soil physical quality, lower nutrient-use efficiency, high risks of groundwater pollution, falling water tables, increasing salinization and waterlogging, in-field burning of crop residues, pollution of air and emission of greenhouse gases (GHG), leading to global warming, and decline in factor productivity. These negative implications necessitate an objective review of strategies to develop sustainable management practices, which could not only sustain soil health and ensure food security, but also enhance carbon sequestration, decrease GHG emissions, and offer clean and better ecosystem services. Conservation agriculture (CA), that includes reduced or no-till practices along with crop residue retention and mixed crop rotations, offers multiple benefits. Adoption of a system-based CA conserves water, improves and creates more efficient use of natural resources through the integrated management of available soil nutrients, water, and biological resources, and enhances use efficiency of external inputs. Due to apparent benefits of CA, it is increasingly being adopted and now covers about 180 million hectares (Mha) worldwide. However, in South Asia its spread is low (<5 Mha), mostly concentrated in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). In this region, one of the serious issues is "residue burning" with severe environmental impacts. A huge amount of crop residue left over after the combine harvest of rice has forced farmers to practice widespread residue burning ($140 M tonnes) to cope with excessive stubble and also for timely planting/sowing of succeeding crops. In rice-wheat cropping systems, which cover more than 10 Mha in the IGP, CA practices are relatively more accepted by farmers. In these systems, any delay in sowing leads to yield penalty of 1-1.5% per day after the optimum sowing date of wheat. The strong adoption of CA practices in IGP is mainly to overcome delayed sowing due to the field preparation and control of weeds, timely planting, and also escape from terminal heat during the grain-filling stage. Major challenges to CA adoption in South Asia are small land holdings (<1 ha), low technological reach to farmers, nonavailability of suitable farm implements for small farm holders, and the staunch conventional farming mind-set. South Asia region consists of many countries of diverse agro-ecologies with contrasting farming systems and management. This region, recently known for rapid economic growth and increasing population, necessitates higher food production and also hot-spots for adoption of CA technologies. Therefore, in this review critically explores the possibility, extent of area, prospects, challenges, and benefits of CA in South Asia. HIGHLIGHTS Conservation agriculture (CA), consisting of reduced or no-tillage a...

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Impact of Conservation Tillage on Soil Organic Carbon and Physical Properties –a Review

Cited by 25 publications

References 74 publications

Temporal variation of saturated and near‐saturated soil hydraulic conductivity and water‐conducting macroporosity in a maize‐wheat rotation under conventional and conservation tillage practices

Temporal variation of saturated and near‐saturated soil hydraulic conductivity and water‐conducting macroporosity in a maize‐wheat rotation under conventional and conservation tillage practices

No-till improves selected soil properties, phosphorous availability and utilization efficiency, and soybean yield on some smallholder farms in South Africa

No-Till Farming and Conservation Agriculture in South Asia – Issues, Challenges, Prospects and Benefits

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