Impact of commuting by workers on household dietary diversity in rural India

Sharma, Ajay; Chandrasekhar, S.

doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.11.005

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Since expenditure on food comprises a substantial part of the total consumption expenditure, we hypothesize that remittances could also affect expenditure on food and hence have implications for food security. While doing so, we appeal to a separate strand of lit-205 erature which estimates the impact of mobility on food security through remittances (1,6,20,38,51,61,68). In an systematic review of 20 such studies (63) finds ample evidence of remittances on greater access to food, smoothing consumption expenditures over time and reduction in malnutrition, thereby reducing household vulnerability to food insecurity.…”

Section: The Role Of Remittance Incomementioning

confidence: 99%

Does Non-farm Income Affect Food Security? Evidence from India

Rahman

Mishra

2019

The Journal of Development Studies

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Livelihood diversification and greater non-farm income have been considered as useful mechanisms to propel growth, lower rural poverty and augment farm income in the developing countries. Little, however, is known about its im-plications for nutritional outcomes such as dietary diversity. This article con-tributes to the literature by investigating whether greater non-farm income helps in improving food consumption patterns and dietary diversity. Using a nationally representative panel data of rural India and an instrumental variable (IV) approach, we investigate this association and find that non-farm income increases expenditure on food products especially non-cereal prod-ucts, leading to greater household dietary diversity. This has crucial policy implications for nutrition transition and livelihood diversification, further contributing to the existing knowledge on agriculture-nutrition pathways. Acknowledegment:JEL Codes: O12, J48 #481 30 kets for food consumption which exposes households to the vagaries of price fluctuations and could potentially undermine their food security. Similarly, non-farm activities could shift resources such as land and labor, previously used to produce food, towards other expenditures. At the same time, higher income increases household access to greater quantity and better variety of 35 food.Against the above background, this paper is an empirical investigation into the relationship between household dietary diversity and non-farm income. We focus on India as the country of analysis where non-farm incomewhere the discourse on hunger and food security has been synonymous with poverty. There are subtle differences in what these terms imply for welfare. Poverty levels are a money metric which captures purchasing power. Dietary diversity, on the other hand, tells us about actual consumption and the ability of a household to acquire food, which is essential for human development. 50Also, while the link between non-farm income and poverty is straightforward, the nature of relationship between the non-farm income and dietary diversity is theoretically ambiguous.Pathways from agriculture to nutrition (36, 56,27,37), often tend over-55 look the importance of non-farm activities for nutrition, which is an issue of concern. Non-farm activities are a major source of income in rural areas. Income from non-farm sources account for about 35% of total rural income in Africa and around 50% in Asia and Latin America (29). In India, 88% of the rural households which are primarly engaged in agriculture and allied 60 activities, also undertake additional economic activity in the non-farm sector (17). In this paper, we provide evidence on the role played by income from the non-farm sector for food consumption and dietary diversity. Using a nationally representative panel data for the years 2004-05 and 2011-12 for rural India, we find that increase in non-farm income significantly improves 65 household diets, which is an intermediate pathway to improved nutritional outcomes. Given migration and remittan...

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Section: The Role Of Remittance Incomementioning

confidence: 99%

Does Non-farm Income Affect Food Security? Evidence from India

Rahman

Mishra

2019

The Journal of Development Studies

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“…Household-level quantities consumed data can help quantify food consumption diversity [39][40][41] . Here, food diversity is based on whether a household consumes a given commodity (Supplementary Text S2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanization and food consumption in India

Pandey

Reba

Joshi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The shift towards urban living is changing food demand. Past studies on India show significant urban–rural differences in food consumption. However, a scientific understanding of the underlying relationships between urbanization and food consumption is limited. This study provides the first detailed analysis of how urbanization influences both quantity and diversity of food consumption in India by harnessing the strength of multiple datasets, including consumer expenditure surveys, satellite imagery, and census data. Our statistical analysis shows three main findings. First, in contrast to existing studies, we find that much of the variation in food consumption quantity is due to income and not urbanization. After controlling for income and state-level differences, our results show that average consumption is higher in urban than rural areas for fewer than 10% of all commodities. That is, there is nearly no difference in average consumption between urban and rural residents. Second, we find the influence of urbanization as a population share on food consumption diversity to be statistically insignificant (p-value > 0.1). Instead, the results show that infrastructure, market access, percentage working women in urban areas, and norms and institutions have a statistically significant influence. Third, all covariates of food consumption diversity we tested were found to be associated with urbanization. This suggests that urbanization influences on food consumption are both indirect and multidimensional. These results show that increases in the urban population size alone do not explain changes in food consumption in India. If we are to understand how food consumption may change in the future due to urbanization, the study points to the need for a more complex and multidimensional understanding of the urbanization process that goes beyond demographic shifts.

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“…To understand factors affecting the choice of commuting by workers, Sharma and Chandrasekhar (2014) document that regional labour market conditions-unemployment rate (rural and urban), rural-urban wage differential, spatial distribution of economic activities, level of urbanisation and the existence of peri-urban areas are key determinants of commuting patterns. Analyzing the role of commuting in the household income generating activities, Sharma and Chandrasekhar (2016) explored the impact of commuting by workers on household consumption and dietary diversity in rural India.…”

Section: Literature On Rural-urban Commutingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commuting between Rural and Urban Areas: Evidence from India

Sharma¹

2019

built environ

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This paper is an attempt to extend the dialogue on nature of commuting between rural and urban areas and its implications for labour market outcomes in rural and urban India. We show that over the period 2004-05 to 2011-12, the magnitude of commuting workers has not changed but the composition has changed with reduction in rural-no fixed place workers and increase in urban-no fixed place workers. We further highlight that rural-urban commuting can be termed as mobility for better opportunities on account of diversification of livelihood strategy and underemployment in rural areas.

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Impact of commuting by workers on household dietary diversity in rural India

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

Does Non-farm Income Affect Food Security? Evidence from India

Does Non-farm Income Affect Food Security? Evidence from India

Urbanization and food consumption in India

Commuting between Rural and Urban Areas: Evidence from India

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