Impact of communication time delays on combined LFC and AVR of a multi-area hybrid system with IPFC-RFBs coordinated control strategy

Abstract

In this paper, the impact of communication time delays (CTDs) on combined load frequency control (LFC) and automatic voltage regulation (AVR) of a multi-area system with hybrid generation units is addressed. Investigation reveals that CTDs have significant effect on system performance. A classical PID controller is employed as a secondary regulator and its parametric gains are optimized with a differential evolution - artificial electric field algorithm (DE-AEFA). The superior performance of the presented algorithm is established by comparing with various optimization algorithms reported in the literature. The investigation is further extended to integration of redox flow batteries (RFBs) and interline power flow controller (IPFC) with tie-lines. Analysis reveals that IPFC and RFBs coordinated control enhances system dynamic performance. Finally, the robustness of the proposed control methodology is validated by sensitivity analysis during wide variations of system parameters and load.

An enhanced flower pollinated algorithm with a modified fluctuation rate for global optimisation and load frequency control system

“…In addition, the proposed system incorporates redox flow batteries (RFBs) and interline power flow controllers (IPFC) with tie‐lines. Previous analysis shows that the coordinated management of the IPFC and RFBs improves dynamic system performance [71]. An IsPFC is a FACTS series compensation converter that can control power flow across multiple lines on the same transmission line tract.…”

“…The details of all the parameters are presented in the Appendix. For comprehensive detailed equations, readers are suggested to consult [2,[71][72][73].…”

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