Impact of Climate Changes on the Natural Prevalence of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Maize Harvested in Serbia and Croatia

Hajnal, Elizabet Janić; Radić, Bojana; Anić, Mislav; Radović, Radmila; Kudumija, Nina; Vulić, Ana; Đekić, Sanja; Pleadin, Jelka

doi:10.3390/foods12051002

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Maize grains can be infected with various species of Fusarium fungi, such as F. graminearum , F. culmorum , F. langsethiae , F. poae , F. equiseti , F. sporotrichioides , and F. verticillioides [ 18 , 19 ]. The studies conducted in Poland confirmed that F. verticillioides , F. culmorum , F. graminearum , F. sporotrichioides , and F. poae are among the most common Fusarium species in maize [ 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each treatment was replicated in four blocks (twenty-four blocks in total). To control weeds, maize was sprayed with herbicide ESTET ® 600 EC (active substance 2.4 D acid 600 g L −1 ) 0.6 L ha −1 one month after the seeding and repeatedly after two weeks with Nicogan ® (active substance nicosulfuron 40g L −1 ) 0.75 L ha −1 (BBCH [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. No other plant protection products were used.…”

Section: Field Trial Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Species such as F. graminearum and F. culmorum mainly produce type B trichothecenes deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3ADON), and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15ADON). Species such as F. langsethiae , F. poae , F. equiseti , and F. sporotrichioides mainly produce type A trichothecenes T-2, HT-2 [ 18 , 19 ]. Research shows that DON can be detected in almost half of the samples tested, and maize is among the crops with the highest concentrations of DON.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As heavily infested grains are unsuitable for consumption and the detoxification/decontamination of such grains is a global problem, both practically and scientifically, it can also lead to serious economic losses [ 31 ]. It is therefore very important to continuously monitor, assess, and avoid conditions that may increase mycotoxin concentrations [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Ustilago maydis and Delayed Harvesting on A- and B-Type Trichothecene Concentrations in Maize Grain

Venslovas

Mankevičienè

Kochiieru

et al. 2023

JoF

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The aim of this study was to investigate whether, in the context of a higher incidence of Ustilago maydis and Fusarium spp. at optimal and delayed harvest times, a higher incidence of mycotoxin contamination in maize grains could be expected. The field experiment was carried out at the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry experimental fields over three consecutive years (2020–2022). Two maize hybrids (Duxxbury and Lapriora) with different FAO numbers were used. The experimental design in the field was a randomized complete block design. Harvesting took place at three different times: first at physiological maturity, and then 10 (±2) and 20 (±2) days after the first harvest. Each hybrid had four repetitions at different harvest times. The U. maydis infection was only detected in 2021 and after the first harvest cobs were further divided into four different groups with four repetitions: healthy cobs, cobs visually infected with Fusarium spp., cobs visually infected with common smut, and cobs visually infected with both pathogens. No U. maydis-damaged maize cobs were found in 2020 and 2022. The levels of Fusarium microscopic fungi in maize grains were also from 4 to 16 times higher in 2021 than in 2020 and 2022. Harvest delays in 2020 led to a significant deoxynivalenol concentration increase in the Duxxbury hybrid and an HT-2 concentration increase in the Lapriora hybrid. In 2021, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, and HT-2 concentrations significantly rose in both hybrids, but the T-2 concentration significantly increased only in the Lapriora hybrid. Deoxynivalenol concentrations were, respectively, 110 and 14.6 times higher than in cobs only infected with Fusarium spp. or U. maydis. Concentrations of 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol were, respectively, 60, 67, and 43 times higher than in asymptomatic cobs and cobs only infected with Fusarium spp. or U. maydis. Cobs contaminated with both pathogens also had higher concentrations of 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol. T-2 and HT-2 were detected in maize grains harvested from cobs infected only with Fusarium spp. The presence of U. maydis and Fusarium fungi in maize cobs, along with harvest delays, led to significant increases in mycotoxin concentrations, highlighting the importance of timely harvesting and pathogen management to mitigate mycotoxin contamination in maize grains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Field Trial Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Ustilago maydis and Delayed Harvesting on A- and B-Type Trichothecene Concentrations in Maize Grain

Venslovas

Mankevičienè

Kochiieru

et al. 2023

JoF

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“…When analyzing the ten-year results from 2012 to 2022, the highest levels of DON and ZEN were found in maize samples from 2014. This could be due to the extreme rainfall observed in both countries in that year [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Mycotoxins and Multitoxin Contamination of Food and Feed as Major Analytical Challenges

Nešić,

Habschied,

Mastanjević

2023

Toxins

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Mycotoxins, as natural products of molds, are often unavoidable contaminants of food and feed, to which the increasingly evident climate changes contribute a large part. The consequences are more or less severe and range from economic losses to worrying health problems to a fatal outcome. One of the best preventive approaches is regular monitoring of food and feed for the presence of mycotoxins. However, even under conditions of frequent, comprehensive, and conscientious controls, the desired protection goal may not be achieved. In fact, it often happens that, despite favorable analytical results that do not indicate high mycotoxin contamination, symptoms of their presence occur in practice. The most common reasons for this are the simultaneous presence of several different mycotoxins whose individual content does not exceed the detectable or prescribed values and/or the alteration of the form of the mycotoxin, which renders it impossible to be analytically determined using routine methods. When such contaminated foods enter a living organism, toxic effects occur. This article aims to shed light on the above problems in order to pay more attention to them, work to reduce their impact, and, eventually, overcome them.

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Zearalenone contamination in maize, its associated producing fungi, control strategies, and legislation in Sub‐Saharan Africa

Hudu,

Addy,

Mahunu

et al. 2024

Food Science & Nutrition

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The fungal genus Fusarium contains many important plant pathogens as well as endophytes of wild and crop plants. Globally, Fusarium toxins in food crops are considered one of the greatest food safety concerns. Their occurrence has become more pronounced in Africa in recent times. Among the major Fusarium mycotoxins with food and feed safety concerns, zearalenone is frequently detected in finished feeds and cereals in Africa. However, the impact of indigenous agricultural practices (pre‐ and postharvest factors) and food processing techniques on the prevalence rate of Fusarium species and zearalenone occurrence in food and feed have not been collated and documented systematically. This review studies and analyzes recent reports on zearalenone contamination in maize and other cereal products from Africa, including its fungi producers, agronomic and climate variables impacting their occurrences, preventive measures, removal/decontamination methods, and legislations regulating their limits. Reports from relevant studies demonstrated a high prevalence of F. verticillioides and F. graminearum as Africa's main producers of zearalenone. Elevated CO2 concentration and high precipitation may carry along an increased risk of zearalenone contamination in maize. African indigenous processing methods may contribute to reduced ZEA levels in agricultural products and foods. Most African countries do not know their zearalenone status in the food supply chain and they have limited regulations that control its occurrence.

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Impact of Climate Changes on the Natural Prevalence of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Maize Harvested in Serbia and Croatia

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

The Effect of Ustilago maydis and Delayed Harvesting on A- and B-Type Trichothecene Concentrations in Maize Grain

The Effect of Ustilago maydis and Delayed Harvesting on A- and B-Type Trichothecene Concentrations in Maize Grain

Modified Mycotoxins and Multitoxin Contamination of Food and Feed as Major Analytical Challenges

Zearalenone contamination in maize, its associated producing fungi, control strategies, and legislation in Sub‐Saharan Africa

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