Impact of climate changes during the last 5 million years on groundwater in basement aquifers

Aquilina, Luc; Vergnaud-Ayraud, Virginie; Landes, Antoine Armandine Les; Pauwels, Hélène; Davy, Philippe; Petelet‐Giraud, Emmanuelle; Labasque, Thierry; Roques, Clément; Chatton, Eliot; Bour, Olivier; Maamar, Sarah Ben; Dufresne, Alexis; Khaska, Mahmoud; Salle, Corinne Le Gal La; Barbecot, F.

doi:10.1038/srep14132

Cited by 51 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The groundwater supplies are diminishing due to 2-3% annual increase in extraction rate [36][37][38][39][40]. More than 1.2 billion people live in physical water scarcity areas, the region having water availability less than 1,000 cubic meters per capita per year, that hamper the economic development and human health [41].…”

Section: Water Treatment Processes and Energy Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-water-environment nexus underpinning future desalination sustainability

et al. 2017

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Energy-water-environment nexus is very important to attain COP21 goal, maintaining environment temperature increase below 2 o C, but unfortunately two third share of CO2 emission has already been used and the remaining will be exhausted by 2050. A number of technological developments in power and desalination sectors improved their efficiencies to save energy and carbon emission but still they are operating at 35% and 10% of their thermodynamic limits. Research in desalination processes contributing to fuel World population for their improved living standard and to reduce specific energy consumption and to protect environment. Recently developed highly efficient nature-inspired membranes (aquaporin & graphene) and trend in thermally driven cycle's hybridization could potentially lower then energy requirement for water purification. This paper presents a state of art review on energy, water and environment interconnection and future energy efficient desalination possibilities to save energy and protect environment.

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Section: Water Treatment Processes and Energy Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-water-environment nexus underpinning future desalination sustainability

et al. 2017

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“…Stress-induced fracturing of the rock might be the cause of this process (Andrews et al, 1982;Andrews and Kay, 1983;Torgersen and O'Donell, 1991). An increase in rock fracturing could have taken place following ice retreat and the accelerated phase of isostatic rebound from 12 kyrs to 6.7 kyrs (Lamarche et al, 2007), increasing the permeability (e.g., Person et al, 2007;Aquilina et al, 2015), and shaping the hydrological network of the St. Lawrence Lowlands close to that observed at present (e.g., Lamarche et al, 2007;Saby et al, 2016).…”

Section: He and U Isotopes: Groundwater Mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processes controlling 234 U and 238 U isotope fractionation and helium in the groundwater of the St. Lawrence Lowlands, Quebec: The potential role of natural rock fracturing

Méjean

Pinti

Larocque

et al. 2016

Applied Geochemistry

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The goal of this study is to explain the origin of 234 U-238 U fractionation in groundwater from sedimentary aquifers of the St. Lawrence Lowlands (Quebec, Canada), and its relationship with 3 He/ 4 He ratios, to gain insight regarding the evolution of groundwater in the region. (234 U/ 238 U) activity ratios, or (234 U/ 238 U) act , were measured in 23 groundwater samples from shallow Quaternary unconsolidated sediments and from the deeper fractured regional aquifer of the Becancour River watershed. The lowest (234 U/ 238 U) act , 1.14±0.014, was measured in Ca-HCO 3type freshwater from the Quaternary Shallower Aquifer, where bulk dissolution of the carbonate allows U to migrate into water with little 234 U-238 U isotopic fractionation. The (234 U/ 238 U) act increases to 6.07±0.14 in Na-HCO 3-Cl-type groundwater. Preferential migration of 234 U into water by -recoil is the underlying process responsible for this isotopic fractionation. An inverse relationship between (234 U/ 238 U) act and 3 He/ 4 He ratios has been observed. This relationship reflects the mixing of newly recharged water, with (234 U/ 238 U) act close to the secular equilibrium and containing atmospheric/tritiogenic helium, and mildly-mineralized older water (14 C ages of 6.6 kyrs), with (234 U/ 238 U) act of ≥ 6.07 and large amounts of radiogenic 4 He, in excess of the steady-state amount produced in situ. The simultaneous fractionation of (234 U/ 238 U) act and the addition of excess 4 He could be locally controlled by stress-induced rock fracturing. This process increases the surface area of the aquifer matrix exposed to pore water, from which produced 4 He and 234 U can be released by -recoil and diffusion. This process would also facilitate the release of radiogenic helium at rates greater than those supported by steady-state U-Th production in the rock. Consequently, sources internal to the aquifers could cause the radiogenic 4 He excesses measured in groundwater.

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“…Hydrogeologic loops may extend beneath the weathered layer into the fractured compartment where circulation takes place exclusively in networks of fractures ( Wyns et al, 2004 ; Ayraud et al, 2008 ). Large-scale regional loops may connect recharge and discharge zones over larger distances than the catchment size (i.e., hydrogeologic catchment is larger than hydrologic catchment), causing inter-watershed exchanges and making it more difficult to define the recharge zone supplying large fracture discharges ( Roques et al, 2014a ; Aquilina et al, 2015 ). There is a partitioning between the weathered formation and the deeper fractured rock formation which have different permeability and porosity resulting in contrasting mean residence times ( Ayraud et al, 2008 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Isolation Governs Chemistry and Microbial Community Structure along Hydrologic Flowpaths

et al. 2015

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This study deals with the effects of hydrodynamic functioning of hard-rock aquifers on microbial communities. In hard-rock aquifers, the heterogeneous hydrologic circulation strongly constrains groundwater residence time, hydrochemistry, and nutrient supply. Here, residence time and a wide range of environmental factors were used to test the influence of groundwater circulation on active microbial community composition, assessed by high throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA. Groundwater of different ages was sampled along hydrogeologic paths or loops, in three contrasting hard-rock aquifers in Brittany (France). Microbial community composition was driven by groundwater residence time and hydrogeologic loop position. In recent groundwater, in the upper section of the aquifers or in their recharge zone, surface water inputs caused high nitrate concentration and the predominance of putative denitrifiers. Although denitrification does not seem to fully decrease nitrate concentrations due to low dissolved organic carbon concentrations, nitrate input has a major effect on microbial communities. The occurrence of taxa possibly associated with the application of organic fertilizers was also noticed. In ancient isolated groundwater, an ecosystem based on Fe(II)/Fe(III) and S/SO4 redox cycling was observed down to several 100 of meters below the surface. In this depth section, microbial communities were dominated by iron oxidizing bacteria belonging to Gallionellaceae. The latter were associated to old groundwater with high Fe concentrations mixed to a small but not null percentage of recent groundwater inducing oxygen concentrations below 2.5 mg/L. These two types of microbial community were observed in the three sites, independently of site geology and aquifer geometry, indicating hydrogeologic circulation exercises a major control on microbial communities.

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Impact of climate changes during the last 5 million years on groundwater in basement aquifers

Cited by 51 publications

References 56 publications

Energy-water-environment nexus underpinning future desalination sustainability

Energy-water-environment nexus underpinning future desalination sustainability

Processes controlling 234 U and 238 U isotope fractionation and helium in the groundwater of the St. Lawrence Lowlands, Quebec: The potential role of natural rock fracturing

Groundwater Isolation Governs Chemistry and Microbial Community Structure along Hydrologic Flowpaths

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