Impact of Climate Change on Plant Diseases and IPM Strategies

Abstract

There has been a remarkable scientific output on the topic of how climate change is likely to affect plant diseases. Climate change influences the occurrence, prevalence, and severity of plant diseases. Projected atmospheric and climate change will thus affect the interaction between crops and pathogens in multiple ways. This will also affect disease management with regard to timing, preference, and efficacy of chemical, physical, and biological measures of control and their utilization within integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. Prediction of future requirements in disease management is of great interest for agro-industries, extension services, and practical farmers. A comprehensive analysis of potential climate change effects on disease control is difficult because current knowledge is limited and fragmented and due to the complexity of future risks for plant disease management, particularly if new crops are introduced in an area. Uncertainty in models of plant disease development under climate change calls for a diversity of management strategies, from more participatory approaches to interdisciplinary science. Involvement of stakeholders and scientists from outside plant pathology shows the importance of trade-offs. All these efforts and integrations will produce effective crop protection strategies using novel technologies as appropriate tools to adapt to altered climatic conditions.

Effect of Sowing Times and Rice Varietal Resistance on the Severity of Narrow Brown Leaf Spot Disease in Relation to Environmental Conditions

“…The severity of plant diseases is significantly influenced by temperature. Sometimes, temperature favors the growth of pathogens; while sometimes temperature triggered and enhanced the host plant immune system (Sahar Abdou, 2019). The rate of inoculum formation, spore germination, and development of hypha are all directly impacted by temperature.…”

“…The rate of inoculum formation, spore germination, and development of hypha are all directly impacted by temperature. The fitness of pathogens to become virulent strongly depends upon suitable temperature (Sahar Abdou, 2019;Miedaner and Juroszek, 2021) which promoted more severity of the NBLS disease on rice varieties at later growth stages during the months of September and October. The variations in temperature may lead certain pathogens to go through an additional one to five life cycles in every season, which enhances the pathogen's virulence to overcome the plant genetic resistance completely or partially.…”

Understanding and Exploiting Post-Translational Modifications for Plant Disease Resistance

“…The significant estimates of crop losses from pathogens highlight the need to develop crops with disease-resistance traits against current and emerging pathogens. Crop protection methods have low effectiveness against pathogens, which includes fungicides and insecticides which control insect viral transmissions; moreover, resistance against these chemicals is increasing [4,5]. Resistance refers to the inability of a pathogen to complete its life cycle on that plant species [6]; targeting host resistance for improvement is the most economical and effective method for controlling the reduction in crop losses to disease [7][8][9].…”

Resistance level of several soybean lines of M6 generation to stem rot disease Athelia rolfsii

“…Global warming has changed global, regional, and local climate conditions. One of the effects of global climate change is an increasing population of pests and plant diseases (Zayan 2019). Soybean plants in tropical countries, including Indonesia, face challenges from various potential pests and diseases.…”