Impact of biodiesel sorption on mechanical properties of polyethylene

Böhning, Martin; Niebergall, Ute; Adam, Ana Paula; Stark, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2013.12.003

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…1,2 In recent years, the degradation of polymers in vehicle fuel systems has gained increasing attention due to the increasing use of biodiesel in the transport sector. [3][4][5][6] Many countries have mandated the use of biodiesel in blends with petroleum diesel, in some regions up to 20 vol.% of the former (B20). 7 Pure biodiesel is now being used for public transport in e.g., city buses in Sweden.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ageing properties and polymer/fuel interactions of polyamide 12 exposed to (bio)diesel at high temperature

et al. 2019

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Biodiesel derived from oil crops and animal fats has been developed as a promising carbon-neutral alternative to petroleum fuels in the transport sector, but the compatibility between biodiesel/petroleum diesel and polymer components in the automotive fuel system has not been free from controversy. In this present study, the degradation of polyamide 12 (PA12), one of the most common polymers used in vehicle fuel systems, has been investigated after exposure to petroleum diesel, biodiesel and a mixture of these (20 vol.% of biodiesel/80 vol.% petroleum diesel). Fuel sorption kinetics, glass transition temperature data and mechanical properties all showed that the fuels plasticized the PA12. In addition, monomers and oligomers were extracted from PA12 by the fuels. The long-term exposure led to oxidation and an annealing-induced increase in crystallinity of the polymer. The plasticization, oxidation and annealing effects were combined with the tensile mechanical properties to assess the overall degree of ageing and degradation of the PA12 material. The fuel-polymer interactions and ageing mechanisms, demonstrated here at high temperature for PA12, are 'generic' in the sense that they are also expected to occur, to various degrees, with many other polymers and they indicate that care should be taken when choosing polymers in applications where they will be exposed to fuels at high temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ageing properties and polymer/fuel interactions of polyamide 12 exposed to (bio)diesel at high temperature

et al. 2019

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“…The amorphous phase is more permeable due to its lower degree of molecular organization, so the penetrants are mainly placed in this phase. Hence, the ultraviolet light affects mainly this phase, shortening (depolymerization) and cutting (random chain scission) the molecules chains …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ultraviolet aging on the surface properties and tribological performance of polyformaldehyde

Chen

Duan

Xu³

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Ultraviolet aging restricts the outdoor application of polyformaldehyde as the friction material. In this work, ultraviolet aging processes were applied to polyformaldehyde specimens and effects of the processes on their surface properties and tribological performance were evaluated. Surface morphology results show that a thin layer of white powder and micro-cracks with further ramifications in other directions were observed on the surfaces after 400 h of ultraviolet exposure, while it is not detectable for the unaged specimens. Analysis of aging surface indicates that ultraviolet leads to the increase of micro-cracks and the degree of crystallinity. All the tribological test results demonstrate that with the extension of ultraviolet aging time, (i) the process of damage on polyformaldehyde surface induced by ultraviolet aging is first slowly and faster afterward; (ii) the fluctuation of the friction coefficients of polyformaldehyde/GCr15 rubbing pairs increases; and (iii) the wear rate of polyformaldehyde markedly increase after aging test 400 h. V C 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44684.

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“…As in earlier investigations for sorption / desorption experiments in diesel or biodiesel, a temperature of 60 8C was adopted in order to accelerate these diffusion-controlled processes as much as possible in a temperature range of practical relevance, Figure 5 [12][13][14]. The absorption of diesel is faster and the final equilibrium concentration is distinctly higher compared to biodiesel, Figure 5 [15]. Therefore the more pronounced environmental stress cracking effect in diesel than in biodiesel seems reasonable.…”

Section: Times To Failure In Model Fluids and Real Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental stress cracking of polyethylene high density (PE‐HD) induced by liquid media – Validation and verification of the full‐notch creep test (FNCT)

Schilling

Böhning

Oehler

et al. 2017

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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The full‐notch creep test (FNCT) is widely used to characterize the slow crack growth (SCG) behavior of polyolefin materials in “inert” media as well as effects of environmental stress cracking (ESC) in which the medium has decisive influence on damage mechanism and time to failure. The test is of greatest importance for pipe and blow molding types of polyethylene, high density (PE‐HD). Usually the full‐notch creep test is applied as a standardized testing method (ISO 16770) using a few universal liquid media, such as solutions of Arkopal N 100. In our study, selected relevant polyethylene, high density materials are investigated also in real media – practical formulations as well as representative pure chemicals – and influences of temperature and geometry of specimen and notch are explicitly addressed. Furthermore, the investigations comprise also the environmental stress cracking behavior of polyethylene, high density in media that are sorbed to a significant extent – examples are diesel and biodiesel – based on comparison with samples previously saturated with those media. Thus, also the underlying diffusion controlled sorption process has to be assessed before. The investigations were performed using a full‐notch creep testing device with 12 individual sub‐stations, each equipped with individual electronic stress and temperature control and continuous online monitoring of the specimen elongation.

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Impact of biodiesel sorption on mechanical properties of polyethylene

Cited by 29 publications

References 11 publications

Ageing properties and polymer/fuel interactions of polyamide 12 exposed to (bio)diesel at high temperature

Ageing properties and polymer/fuel interactions of polyamide 12 exposed to (bio)diesel at high temperature

Effects of ultraviolet aging on the surface properties and tribological performance of polyformaldehyde

Environmental stress cracking of polyethylene high density (PE‐HD) induced by liquid media – Validation and verification of the full‐notch creep test (FNCT)

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