Impact of anthropogenic and geological factors on groundwater hydrochemistry in the unconfined aquifers of Indo-Gangetic plain

Gautam, Anant; Rai, S.C.; Rai, Sunny; Ram, Kirpa; Sanny,

doi:10.1016/j.pce.2022.103109

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Also, pollutants that enter groundwater under the influence of waste washing help to disperse pollutants in an aquifer and after being infected, aquifer recovery is not easy. 12 One way to compensate for water shortages is to reuse contaminated water. Water pollution varies in terms of quantity and type of pollutants based on the source of water consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of atmospheric water harvesting methods, the inevitable path of the future in water supply

2023

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of atmospheric water harvesting methods, the inevitable path of the future in water supply

2023

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“…Calcium and magnesium are two essential minerals that can be obtained from various sources. The presence of ferromagnesium minerals in the natural surroundings, dolomite weathering and dissolution of calcite are some of the processes to acquire these essential minerals (Gautam et al, 2022;Goswami et al, 2022;Gugulothu et al, 2022). The Palaeozoic substratum of the Anti-Atlas, as well as the limestone and dolomitic rocks of the Jurassic Mountains in the High-Atlas region, are considered potential sources of calcium and magnesium minerals.…”

Section: Assessment Of Water Quality 421 Adequacy Of Water For Human ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical evolution and groundwater quality assessment of the Tinejdad-Touroug quaternary aquifer, South-East Morocco

Ait Said,

Mili,

El Faleh

et al. 2023

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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The Palm Grove ecosystems situated in the southeastern region of Morocco are highly vulnerable to compromise, encountering significant challenges due to insufficient precipitation and limited availability of groundwater. The objective of this study is to evaluate the groundwater quality of the Tinejdad-Touroug aquifer for domestic and irrigation purposes. Groundwater flows from southwest to northeast mostly in Quaternary conglomerate-lacustrine facies in the Rheris basin. The results show that the domination of the major ions is in the following order: Cl−>HCO3−>SO42−>Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+>NO3−>K+>NO2−>NH4+. Piper diagram showed the predominance of a single mixed chemical facies Cl-SO4-Ca-Mg, as well as the presence of exceptions of some samples that showed other facies variations. The water quality index (WQI) assessments of the campaigns that were examined demonstrate that the recorded percentages of poor quality water ranged from 40% to 90% while the percentages of good quality water varied from 7.7% to 54.5%. The remaining samples reveal different classes with varying percentages. Most of the sites in all campaigns had drinking water parameters that exceeded the values established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Moroccan standards. Nevertheless, the parameters of Temperature, pH, TH, DO, Ca2+, SO42−, K+, NH4+, and bacteriological parameters were within the required limits. The results of the assessment based on electrical conductivity suggest a significant increase in salinity levels, with an average of 2744.75 µS/cm in 2000, 3248.58 µS/cm in 2007, and 2957.84 µS/cm in 2021. The findings of the study reveal a positive assessment regarding the quality of the water samples examined during the eight sampling campaigns, as indicated by the PI and KR indices. However, additional investigation of the SAR, Na%, and MH indices revealed that three water samples acquired from separate surveys are not appropriate for irrigation purposes, showing that groundwater must be controlled until it can be properly used. The outcomes accentuate the necessity of consistent monitoring and evaluation of water quality parameters to establish the safe and sustainable exploitation of water resources for domestic and agricultural purposes. Elevated salinity levels in Quaternary aquifers resulting from natural mechanisms such as increased rates of evaporation and geological factors may have contributed to the degradation of groundwater quality.

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“…Nowadays, hydrogeochemical processes have garnered increased attention [17] due to their valuable insights into the interaction between groundwater and the environment. The groundwater's hydrochemical properties, including both anions and cations, are predominantly dictated by the surrounding area's geology and the aquifer's characteristics [18,19]. Anions such as chloride (Cl − ), sulfate (SO 4 2− ), and bicarbonate (HCO 3 − ) may derive from the dissolution of minerals rich in these ions, such as halite, gypsum, and calcite, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Groundwater Quality through Hydrochemistry Using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Water Quality Index (WQI) in Kızılırmak Delta, Turkey

Arıman,

Soydan-Oksal,

Beden

et al. 2024

Water

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This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition and spatial distribution of groundwater in the Kızılırmak Delta of Turkey and to evaluate the suitability of groundwater in the Kızılırmak Delta for drinking water use through a Water Quality Index (WQI) assessment. Eleven water parameters, including nitrate (NO3−), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl−), potassium (K+), bicarbonate (HCO3−), sulfate (SO42−), hardness (measured as CaCO3), electrical conductivity (EC), and pH were analyzed to determine the water quality of each groundwater sample. The WQI was determined using the weighted arithmetic index method and the method specified by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). The spatial distribution of the result for all observation wells was plotted. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was generated utilizing the analytical data from eleven selected samples. As a result of the study, according to the calculated WQI values, the water in most of the wells was not suitable for drinking purposes. The minimum Ca2+ concentration in the study area was 108,817 mg/L, and the maximum was 692,382 mg/L, which showed that the samples in all wells exceeded the WHO limit. The same situation is valid for Mg2+, and the values vary between 100.383 and 5183.026 mg/L. From the spatial distribution of the water quality parameters it has been understood that the eastern part of the region is more suitable than the western part for drinking purposes. The results from correlation analysis showed the strongest positive correlation between Mg2+ and Na+ and Na+ and EC as 0.989. The present study shows that the groundwater of the delta, which has deteriorating water quality, should be treated before it is used for drinking water and protected from contamination hazards.

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Impact of anthropogenic and geological factors on groundwater hydrochemistry in the unconfined aquifers of Indo-Gangetic plain

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

An overview of atmospheric water harvesting methods, the inevitable path of the future in water supply

An overview of atmospheric water harvesting methods, the inevitable path of the future in water supply

Hydrochemical evolution and groundwater quality assessment of the Tinejdad-Touroug quaternary aquifer, South-East Morocco

Assessment of Groundwater Quality through Hydrochemistry Using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Water Quality Index (WQI) in Kızılırmak Delta, Turkey

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