Impact of an Offshore Wind Farm on Wave Conditions and Shoreline Development

Christensen, Erik Damgaard; Kristensen, Sten Esbjørn; Deigaard, Rolf

doi:10.9753/icce.v34.sediment.87

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…A modeling experiment showed that the wave height could easily be reduced in the order of 4-5% 2 km down-wind of the OWF and up to 2% 10 km down-wind. The direction of the incoming waves is also modified [38]. The lee effects of the OWF result in sediment accumulations similar to what can be seen behind shore parallel offshore breakwaters.…”

Section: Wake and Lee Effectsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Fit-for-Purpose Information for Offshore Wind Farming Applications—Part-I: Identification of Needs and Solutions

She,

Blauw,

Laakso

et al. 2023

JMSE

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The rapid expansion of offshore wind farms (OWFs) in European seas is accompanied by many challenges, including efficient and safe operation and maintenance, environmental protection, and biodiversity conservation. Effective decision-making for industry and environmental agencies relies on timely, multi-disciplinary marine data to assess the current state and predict the future state of the marine system. Due to high connectivity in space (land–estuarial–coastal sea), socioeconomic (multi-sectoral and cross-board), and environmental and ecological processes in sea areas containing OWFs, marine observations should be fit for purpose in relation to multiple OWF applications. This study represents an effort to map the major observation requirements (Part-I), identify observation gaps, and recommend solutions to fill those gaps (Part-II) in order to address multi-dimension challenges for the OWF industry. In Part-I, six targeted areas are selected, including OWF operation and maintenance, protection of submarine cables, wake and lee effects, transport and security, contamination, and ecological impact assessments. For each application area, key information products are identified, and integrated modeling–monitoring solutions for generating the information products are proposed based on current state-of-the-art methods. The observation requirements for these solutions, in terms of variables and spatial and temporal sampling needs, are therefore identified.

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Section: Wake and Lee Effectsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Fit-for-Purpose Information for Offshore Wind Farming Applications—Part-I: Identification of Needs and Solutions

She,

Blauw,

Laakso

et al. 2023

JMSE

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“…Therefore, the momentum flux which would reach the shore, should be different from that if the wind farm were not present. This is certainly an important finding, not much cited in the literature regarding environmental impact assessments of wind farms (Christensen et al, 2014), with the advantage that the method herein described in this paper provides an objective way of computing the overall effect of a wind farm on the wave field, through the computation of the modified field of the radiation stress tensor.…”

Section: Radiation Stressmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In this study, the computer program WAMIT  (WaveAnalysisMIT) is used to solve the diffraction boundary value problem to obtain the time harmonic solutions of the first term of the series expansion for a specific incident wave field. WAMIT  has been widely used in the offshore and naval industry, but it has also been adopted in some recent studies to the case of vertical cylinders in the field of coastal engineering and studies of wind farms (Christensen et al, 2014;Newman, 2014;Mohseni et al, 2018;Read et al, 2018).…”

Section: Wave-cylinder Diffractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of an array of widely separated vertical cylinders on time-averaged properties of progressive monochromatic waves

Aguilera

Rosman

Neves

2020

RBRH

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The design of monopile foundations for offshore wind farms, the estimate of wave loads, and the effect of the structures on the environment usually consider one single vertical cylinder. This choice is based on the size of the ratio cylinder diameter to wavelength, and on the large distances between turbines. However, for large arrays of monopiles, the ensemble effect must be investigated. This study addresses monochromatic wave propagation through a rectangular array of four cylinders 800 m and 300 m apart, considered here as the fundamental geometry for an arbitrary array of monopiles turbines. Results for bottom velocities, mean water level, mass transport, and radiation stress tensor in the presence of the array are compared with those for a single cylinder. The numerical model WAMIT® is used to compute the potential velocity solution. Relevant spatial variations were found, especially for radiation stresses, for different periods and directions of propagation. Diffraction effects on the wave field by the array are significantly stronger than the superposition of individual effects of isolated cylinders under the same conditions. Impacts of the entire wind farm on bottom morphodynamics near the foundations, on the design loads, and on the wave climate past the wind farm are discussed.

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Primary vs grey: A critical evaluation of literature sources used to assess the impacts of offshore wind farms

Szostek,

Edwards-Jones,

Beaumont

et al. 2024

Environmental Science & Policy

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Impact of an Offshore Wind Farm on Wave Conditions and Shoreline Development

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Fit-for-Purpose Information for Offshore Wind Farming Applications—Part-I: Identification of Needs and Solutions

Fit-for-Purpose Information for Offshore Wind Farming Applications—Part-I: Identification of Needs and Solutions

Effects of an array of widely separated vertical cylinders on time-averaged properties of progressive monochromatic waves

Primary vs grey: A critical evaluation of literature sources used to assess the impacts of offshore wind farms

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