Impact of a Global Pandemic on Health Technology Assessment

Lorgelly, Paula; Adler, Amanda

doi:10.1007/s40258-020-00590-9

Cited by 35 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Reducing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a key activity across countries especially among LMICs as it increases morbidity, mortality and costs ( Founou et al., 2017 ; Cassini et al., 2019 ; Hofer, 2019 ; Khan et al., 2019 ). However, diverting attention away from AMR, including ongoing efforts to reduce inappropriate self-purchasing of antibiotics, which is prevalent across many countries, as well as routine immunisation programmes for existing infectious diseases, will inevitably have a significant impact on future patient care ( Ghosal and Milko, 2020 ; World Health Organization, 2020c ; Health 24, 2020 ; Kalungia et al., 2016 ; Auta et al., 2019 ; Kalungia and Godman, 2019 ; Godman et al., 2020a ; Hofman and Goldstein, 2020 ; Jerving, 2020 ; Lorgelly and Adler, 2020 ; Thornton, 2020 ; UN News, 2020 ; World Health Organisation, 2020d ). Self-purchasing of antibiotics is a particular concern with the clinical presentation of COVID-19 overlapping with other infectious diseases including tuberculosis (TB), viral and bacterial respiratory tract infections, and pneumonia, making a differential diagnosis challenging exacerbated by limited diagnostic facilities in most communities ( Godman et al., 2020b ; Kasozi et al., 2020 ; Ongole et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to the Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19) Pandemic Across Africa: Successes, Challenges, and Implications for the Future

Ogunleye

Basu

Mueller³

et al. 2020

Front. Pharmacol.

167

215

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has already claimed considerable lives. There are major concerns in Africa due to existing high prevalence rates for both infectious and non-infectious diseases and limited resources in terms of personnel, beds and equipment. Alongside this, concerns that lockdown and other measures will have on prevention and management of other infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). NCDs are an increasing issue with rising morbidity and mortality rates. The World Health Organization (WHO) warns that a lack of nets and treatment could result in up to 18 million additional cases of malaria and up to 30,000 additional deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: Document current prevalence and mortality rates from COVID-19 alongside economic and other measures to reduce its spread and impact across Africa. In addition, suggested ways forward among all key stakeholder groups. Our Approach: Contextualise the findings from a wide range of publications including internet-based publications coupled with input from senior-level personnel. Ongoing Activities: Prevalence and mortality rates are currently lower in Africa than among several Western countries and the USA. This could be due to a number of factors including early instigation of lockdown and border closures, the younger age of the population, lack of robust reporting systems and as yet unidentified genetic and other factors. Innovation is accelerating to address concerns with available equipment. There are ongoing steps to address the level of misinformation and its consequences including fines. There are also ongoing initiatives across Africa to start addressing the unintended consequences of COVID-19 activities including lockdown measures and their impact on Ogunleye et al. COVID-19 in Africa NCDs including the likely rise in mental health disorders, exacerbated by increasing stigma associated with COVID-19. Strategies include extending prescription lengths, telemedicine and encouraging vaccination. However, these need to be accelerated to prevent increased morbidity and mortality. Conclusion: There are multiple activities across Africa to reduce the spread of COVID-19 and address misinformation, which can have catastrophic consequences, assisted by the WHO and others, which appear to be working in a number of countries. Research is ongoing to clarify the unintended consequences given ongoing concerns to guide future activities. Countries are learning from each other.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to the Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19) Pandemic Across Africa: Successes, Challenges, and Implications for the Future

Ogunleye

Basu

Mueller³

et al. 2020

Front. Pharmacol.

167

215

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“…HTA models use this inference and build on it to predict patient outcomes, costs, and quality of life. Lorgelly and Adler 6 identified a number of issues regarding the impact of a pandemic on HTA. We wish to further discuss what we consider to be the most pertinent concerns, identify additional issues relating to the HTA process, and make some recommendations for applicants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus Disease 2019: Considerations for Health Technology Assessment From the National Centre for Pharmacoeconomics Review Group

et al. 2020

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It is expected that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic will leave large deficits in the budgets of many jurisdictions. Funding for other treatments, in particular new treatments, may become more constrained than previously expected. Therefore, a robust health technology assessment (HTA) system is vital. Many clinical trials carried out during the pandemic may have been temporarily halted, while others may have had to change their protocols. Even trials that continue as normal may experience external changes as other aspects of the healthcare service may not be available to the patients in the trial, or the patients themselves may contract COVID-19. Consequently, many limitations are likely to arise in the provision of robust HTAs, which could have profound consequences on the availability of new treatments. Therefore, the National Centre for Pharmacoeconomics Review Group wishes to discuss these issues and make recommendations for applicants submitting to HTA agencies, in ample time for these HTAs to be prepared and assessed. We discuss how the pandemic may affect the estimation of the treatment effect, costs, life-years, utilities, discontinuation rates, and methods of evidence synthesis and extrapolation. In particular, we note that trials conducted during the pandemic will be subject to a higher degree of uncertainty than before. It is vital that applicants clearly identify any parameters that may be affected by the pandemic. These parameters will require considerably more scenario and sensitivity analyses to account for this increase in uncertainty.

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“…It provides the principles of stakeholder engagement for a constructive dialogue between science and policy, a much-needed dialogue in times of COVID-19 and beyond. COVID-19, although a destructive creation of nature, provides an opportunity to adapt and leverage HTA processes creatively and constructively as a tool for health systems transformation and to create value for society at large in the "new normal" post-COVID era (9). This global consensus in words needs to be converted into global collaborative action now.…”

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of the newly defined Health Technology Assessment: COVID-19 and beyond

Mukherjee

2021

Int J Technol Assess Health Care

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Impact of a Global Pandemic on Health Technology Assessment

Cited by 35 publications

References 29 publications

Response to the Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19) Pandemic Across Africa: Successes, Challenges, and Implications for the Future

Response to the Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19) Pandemic Across Africa: Successes, Challenges, and Implications for the Future

Coronavirus Disease 2019: Considerations for Health Technology Assessment From the National Centre for Pharmacoeconomics Review Group

Relevance of the newly defined Health Technology Assessment: COVID-19 and beyond

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