IMPACT Model of Women’s Empowerment

Abstract

This research has been accomplished by the support of university of Tehran. Here we gratefully acknowledge the research vice president and public administration department for bestowing the grant to this research. AbstractEmpowerment as delegation of power to someone has been a mechanism to increase personal and work life quality of woman in recent decades. Higher education and occupation is effective instrument to empowerment of women but culture role can't be denied in this relation. Social norms can directly or indirectly limited women empowerment. In this article the role of higher education and occupation in psychological empowerment of women in Tehran has been quested. Current research is a descriptive-practical research. Education and occupation were independent variable and empowerment was dependent variable. Random sampling was used and 600 questioners were completed by women in Tehran city. To determine validity of scale we took advantages of construct validity and factor analysis. The reliability index of Cronbach's alpha was 0.8945 and spearman correlation and structural equations model was used for statistical analysis. Results of research indicate that higher education and organizational occupation determine the level of to empowerment for women in Tehran.

Hospitality education: sustainable empowerment opportunities for Nigerian women

“…The findings show that respondents have chosen their careers and are developing in them irrespective of the trends in the wider environment. This demonstrates, to some extent, the concept of empowerment as that power women have to intervene in their own lives and make decisions (ALF, 1997;Flintan, 2008;Gholipour et al, 2010;UN, 2010). Such decisions in the professional sphere indicate that a process of empowerment has taken place.…”

“…The fulfilment of human existence goes beyond the material, which explains the paradox often encountered where people who are materially poor seem to be more generous than those who lack little. Women's empowerment therefore does not exist in a vacuum but is conditioned by culture, religion and other social constructs within which it is sought (Chaudhary et al, 2012;Gholipour et al, 2010;Flintan, 2008;Mosedale, 2005;Anju et al, 2002).…”

“…(Flintan, 2008;Mosedale, 2005;Williams, 2005, Anju et al, 2002. Be that as it may, it is accepted that education, employment and earning offer women a degree of financial independence and so is a powerful means of measuring empowerment (Gholipour et al, 2010;Grown, 2010).…”

“…In summary, the literature has shown that income, educational attainment and employment are indicators of empowerment (Flintan, 2008;Mosedale, 2005;Williams, 2005, Anju et al, 2002Gholipour et al, 2010;Grown, 2010). Likewise, the strategic importance of hospitality services for providing employment and sources of income (African Business, 2011;McMillan et al, 2011).…”

Socialization of Mobile Banking and Internet Banking for Mikro and Small Entrepreneur (Gender and Business Sector Perspective- Kemayoran Night Market Community)

“…Based on some previous research results, it is concluded that economic factors and behavior change are very significant in empowering poor women, while political participation does not significantly contribute to women's empowerment (Sheikh et al, 2016;Tijani & Yani, 2007;Wallentin, 2008). Also, formal education for poor women has an impact on increasing women's empowerment so that they can work by their abilities and knowledge which then has an, impact on improving the welfare of families and communities (Gholipour et al, 2010;Hidayah et al, 2018;Najjar, 2011). If it is related to the development of information technology in the banking sector related to banking facilities, micro and small women entrepreneurs should use mobile banking and internet banking services in conducting their business.…”