Impact energy and rapid crack propagation in plastic pipes

Brostow, Witold; Müller, W.

doi:10.1016/0032-3861(86)90358-7

Cited by 37 publications

References 8 publications

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Mechanical Performance of Plastics

Brostow¹,

Singh²

2004

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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We discuss methods of prediction of long‐term performance and reliability of polymer‐based materials from short‐term tests. The methods include prediction of slow crack propagation and also predictions based on correspondence principles including the stress–time correspondence. The amount of experimentation needed for reliable predictions is much lower than generally believed. For instance, experiments at two stress levels for a four‐phase polymer liquid crystal are sufficient for creation of a master curve. We cover briefly tribology, including friction, scratch resistance, and wear resistance. When appropriate, we illustrate mechanical and tribological processes by results of computer simulations.

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Mechanical Performance of Plastics

Brostow¹,

Singh²

2004

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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Synthesis and some properties of carbazole modified polyvinylchloride and the cation exchange resin therefrom

Biswas

Mitra

1989

Angew. Makromol. Chem.

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The chlorine displacement reaction between PVC and N‐methylcarbazole‐3,6‐diamine affords a condensate which is insoluble in all possible solvents of PVC. The overall thermal stability of this condensate is appreciably higher than that of PVC. The dielectric behavior is also significantly different from that of unmodified PVC. Sulfonation of the PVC‐carbazole condensate affords a cation‐exchange resin with SO3H and COOH functional moieties.

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ESCA and other morphological investigations of the brittle failure caused by an environmental stress cracking (ESC) of a HDPE milk crate

Kulshreshtha

Kaushik

Pandey

et al. 1989

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SynopsisThe causes of a drastic reduction in the service life of a HDPE milk crate have been investigated. The mechanism and the type of crate failure have been deduced from a detailed morphological examination of its fracture surface as well as the interior. Various factors responsible for a rapid failure of the milk crate have been identified. An ESCA study of ESC of weathered milk crate surfaces revealed the presence of heavy oxidative degradation on the surface and a diffusion-controlled oxidation mechanism being operative in successive inner layers. The brittleness of this surface layer and formation of sharp cracks therein have been exhibited in SEM micrographs. Optical micrographs clearly show the presence of a surface layer, formed due to degradation, which is nonspherulitic and thus identifiable from the bulk, which is imperfectly spherulitic. Evidence for a migration of polymer additives from bulk to the surface is provided by the ESCA data and the SEM micrographs. DSC thermogram of the microtomed surface layer reveals bimodal endothermic peaks attributed to two phases present in the surface layer-one original phase and the second being degradation-induced. The formation of this brittle surface layer and its effect on the long-term fracture performance of milk crates are discussed, and suggestions for improving their durability are given.

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Impact energy and rapid crack propagation in plastic pipes

Cited by 37 publications

References 8 publications

Mechanical Performance of Plastics

Mechanical Performance of Plastics

Synthesis and some properties of carbazole modified polyvinylchloride and the cation exchange resin therefrom

ESCA and other morphological investigations of the brittle failure caused by an environmental stress cracking (ESC) of a HDPE milk crate

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