“…The presence of antibiotics in soil poses a prospective risk to ecosystem health because of the selective pressure that is exerted on soil microbial communities. Many studies have revealed that antibiotics affect the number of different groups of microorganisms (Pinna et al, 2012 ; Akimenko et al, 2015 ; Xu et al, 2016 ), the structural and genetic diversity of microorganisms and the overall microbial activity (Demoling et al, 2009 ; Cui et al, 2013 ; Liu et al, 2014 ; Reichel et al, 2014a , b ; Cycoń et al, 2016a ; Xu et al, 2016 ). Moreover, the impact of antibiotics on the enzyme activities, carbon mineralization, and nitrogen cycling has been proven (Liu et al, 2009 ; Kotzerke et al, 2011 ; Rosendahl et al, 2012 ; Chen et al, 2013 ; Ma et al, 2016 ).…”