Impact Analysis of Survivability-Oriented Demand Response on Islanded Operation of Networked Microgrids with High Penetration of Renewables

Abstract

Microgrids have the potential to withstand the power outages due to their ability of islanding and potential to sustain the penetration of renewables. Increased penetration of renewables can be beneficial but it may result in curtailment of renewables during peak generation intervals due to the limited availability of storage capacity while shedding loads during peak load intervals. This problem can be solved by adjusting the load profiles, i.e., demand response (DR) programs. In contrast to the existing studies, where DR is triggered by market price signals, a local resource-triggered survivability-oriented demand response program is proposed in this paper. The proposed DR program is triggered by renewable and load level of the microgrid with an objective to minimize the load shedding and curtailment of renewables. The uncertainties in load and renewables are realized via a robust optimization method and the worst-case scenario is considered. The performance of the proposed method is compared with two conventional operation cases, i.e., independent operation case and interconnected operation case without DR. In addition, the impact of renewable penetration level, amount of shiftable load, and load absorption capacity on the performance of the proposed method are also analyzed. Simulation results have proved the proposed method is capable of reducing load shedding, renewable curtailment, and operation cost of the network during emergencies.

Welfare Maximization-Based Distributed Demand Response for Islanded Multi-Microgrid Networks Using Diffusion Strategy

“…The welfare function implies the satisfaction level of a microgrid for consuming an amount of energy. The welfare function is a non-decreasing concave function [23], as illustrated in Equations (1) and (2). It implies that the microgrid is always interested in consuming more power and the level of satisfaction gradually gets saturated.…”

“…This helps energy consumers to adjust their energy consumption in response to the variations in electricity prices and incentives offered by utilities, resulting in bill reduction. DR helps in regulating the load at peak hours and during system contingencies [1,2]. Therefore, it can help to avoid the need for building new power plants.…”

“…In order to address this problem, DR can be used as a potential solution. Various studies are available in the literature on the application of DR programs for microgrids [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. However, most of the existing studies utilize a centralized controller to collect all necessary information and compute the control solution [8,9], hence increasing the communication and computation burden on the central controller and making the system more fragile to single point failure [10].…”

Consensus Algorithm-Based Distributed Operation of Microgrids During Grid-Connected and Islanded Modes

“…The trend of adopting low carbon generation technology and high-efficiency devices in the power system has encouraged to adopt more renewable generation, distributed generation, and energy storage system. Due to the ability to sustain the high penetration of renewables, microgrids are gaining popularity [1]- [3]. A microgrid can operate in both grid-connected and islanded modes and can assure service reliability to the critical loads during system contingencies [3], [4].…”

“…Due to the ability to sustain the high penetration of renewables, microgrids are gaining popularity [1]- [3]. A microgrid can operate in both grid-connected and islanded modes and can assure service reliability to the critical loads during system contingencies [3], [4]. During grid-connected operation, the power balance is maintained by trading power with the utility grid [5].…”